Table 4 Effectiveness of data augmentation methods.

From: Attention-guided jaw bone lesion diagnosis in panoramic radiography using minimal labeling effort

Image processing

Augmentation

Accuracy

CLAHE

Intensity + Flip + Rotate

\(95.69 \pm 0.92\)

–

–

\(94.50 \pm 1.27\)

–

Intensity

\(96.25 \pm 2.18\)

–

Flip

\(97.50 \pm 0.99\)

–

Trapezoid

\(96.11 \pm 2.22\)

–

Intensity + flip

\(97.50 \pm 0.83\)

–

Intensity + trapezoid

\(95.74 \pm 2.47\)

–

Flip + trapezoid

\(97.50 \pm 1.59\)

–

Intensity + flip + trapezoid

\({{\textbf {99.17}}} \pm {{\textbf {0.54}}}\)

  1. Significant values are in bold.