Table 6 Critical buckling strain results of \(\left(n,n/2\right)\) nanotubes with finite and infinite lengths obtained by wrapping armchair and zigzag nanosheets.

From: Analyzing fine scaling quantum effects on the buckling of axially-loaded carbon nanotubes based on the density functional theory and molecular mechanics method

 

Chirality

(2, 1)

(4, 2)

(6, 3)

(8, 4)

(10, 5)

(14, 7)

(18, 9)

(22, 11)

(26, 13)

(30, 15)

Diameter

0.2072

0.4144

0.6215

0.8287

1.0359

1.4502

1.8646

2.2789

2.6933

3.1076

Variation percentage

0

100

200

300

400.01

600.01

800.01

1000

1200

1400

Infinite length

Critical strain

0.3156

0.1251

0.0744

0.051

0.0371

0.0214

0.013

0.0097

0.0105

0.0091

Variation percentage

0

 − 152.35

 − 323.91

 − 518.9

 − 750.57

 − 1373

 − 2333

 − 3147

 − 2905

 − 3368

Ratio of strain changes to diameter changes

 

 − 1.5234

 − 1.6195

 − 1.73

 − 1.8764

 − 2.287

 − 2.916

 − 3.146

 − 2.421

 − 2.405

2a

Critical strain

0.5386

0.1611

0.0961

0.068

0.0518

0.0342

0.0245

0.0183

0.0141

0.0111

Length to diameter ratio (\(L/D\))

35.63229

17.81614

11.87934

8.909147

7.127145

5.091029

3.959568

3.239725

2.741251

2.375792

Variation percentage

0

 − 234.42

 − 460.77

 − 692

 − 939

 − 1474

 − 2097

 − 2837

 − 3734

 − 4770

Ratio of strain changes to diameter changes

 

 − 2.3441

 − 2.3038

 − 2.307

 − 2.3475

 − 2.456

 − 2.621

 − 2.837

 − 3.111

 − 3.407

3a

Critical strain

0.4603

0.1522

0.0922

0.0653

0.0496

0.0323

0.0228

0.0168

0.0129

0.0098

Length to diameter ratio (\(L/D\))

59.38702

29.69351

19.79886

14.84855

11.87855

8.48503

6.599265

5.39953

4.568741

3.959644

Variation percentage

0

 − 202.44

 − 399.23

 − 605.3

 − 828.38

 − 1325

 − 1918

 − 2638

 − 3479

 − 4621

Ratio of strain changes to diameter changes

 

 − 2.0243

 − 1.9961

 − 2.018

 − 2.0709

 − 2.208

 − 2.397

 − 2.638

 − 2.899

 − 3.301

5a

Critical strain

0.377

0.1382

0.0835

0.0586

0.044

0.0276

0.0187

0.0133

0.0092

0.0093

Length to diameter ratio (\(L/D\))

106.8969

53.44843

35.63802

26.72744

21.38144

15.27309

11.8787

9.719176

8.223752

7.127375

Variation percentage

0

 − 172.83

 − 351.32

 − 543.5

 − 756.8

 − 1268

 − 1917

 − 2737

 − 4011

 − 3954

Ratio of strain changes to diameter changes

 

 − 1.7282

 − 1.7566

 − 1.812

 − 1.8919

 − 2.114

 − 2.396

 − 2.737

 − 3.343

 − 2.824

8a

Critical strain

0.3677

0.1382

0.084

0.0585

0.0438

0.0275

0.0184

0.0131

0.0099

0.0092

Length to diameter ratio (\(L/D\))

178.1611

89.08055

59.39659

44.54565

35.63566

25.4551

19.7978

16.1986

13.70623

11.87894

Variation percentage

0

 − 165.96

 − 337.64

 − 528.5

 − 738.83

 − 1239

 − 1894

 − 2713

 − 3625

 − 3896

Ratio of strain changes to diameter changes

 

 − 1.6595

 − 1.6882

 − 1.762

 − 1.847

 − 2.065

 − 2.367

 − 2.713

 − 3.021

 − 2.783

2z

Critical strain

0.3944

0.1239

0.0737

0.051

0.0381

0.0235

0.0156

0.0108

0.0091

0.0093

Length to diameter ratio (\(L/D\))

34.28721

17.14361

11.43091

8.572837

6.858104

4.898848

3.810099

3.117429

2.637772

2.286108

Variation percentage

0

 − 218.36

 − 435.2

 − 673.3

 − 934.6

 − 1578

 − 2423

 − 3548

 − 4253

 − 4141

Ratio of strain changes to diameter changes

 

 − 2.1835

 − 2.176

 − 2.244

 − 2.3364

 − 2.63

 − 3.029

 − 3.548

 − 3.544

 − 2.958

3z

Critical strain

0.3285

0.1155

0.0686

0.0469

0.0343

0.0202

0.0125

0.0091

0.0093

0.0092

Length to diameter ratio (\(L/D\))

54.85951

27.42975

18.28944

13.71653

10.97296

7.838153

6.096155

4.987885

4.220432

3.657771

Variation percentage

0

 − 184.38

 − 378.88

 − 600.6

 − 856.92

 − 1530

 − 2520

 − 3506

 − 3436

 − 3467

Ratio of strain changes to diameter changes

 

 − 1.8437

 − 1.8943

 − 2.002

 − 2.1422

 − 2.55

 − 3.15

 − 3.506

 − 2.863

 − 2.476

5z

Critical strain

0.322

0.1193

0.071

0.0484

0.0354

0.0207

0.0127

0.0091

0.009

0.009

Length to diameter ratio (\(L/D\))

96.00381

48.00191

32.00642

24.00385

19.20262

13.71672

10.66823

8.728768

7.385731

6.401078

Variation percentage

0

 − 169.88

 − 353.49

 − 564.9

 − 810.95

 − 1456

 − 2444

 − 3450

 − 3466

 − 3474

Ratio of strain changes to diameter changes

 

 − 1.6987

 − 1.7674

 − 1.883

 − 2.0273

 − 2.427

 − 3.054

 − 3.45

 − 2.888

 − 2.481

9z

Critical strain

0.3256

0.1236

0.074

0.0505

0.037

0.022

0.0136

0.0098

0.0097

0.0091

Length to diameter ratio (\(L/D\))

178.2932

89.14662

59.44064

44.57869

35.66209

25.47398

19.81249

16.21061

13.71639

11.88775

Variation percentage

0

 − 163.45

 − 340.11

 − 544.5

 − 779.86

 − 1381

 − 2296

 − 3232

 − 3260

 − 3462

Ratio of strain changes to diameter changes

 

 − 1.6345

 − 1.7005

 − 1.815

 − 1.9496

 − 2.302

 − 2.869

 − 3.232

 − 2.716

 − 2.473