Table 2 Comparison of the electron-transfer coefficient (α), diffusion coefficient (D_FA), exchange current density (J°) and catalytic rate constant (k_cal) of different modified electrodes used in electrocatalytic oxidation of FA.

Ni-CHIT/CPE^a

0.47

2.68 × 10 − 6

–

2.06 × 105

⁷³

Copper electrode

0.66

-

–

4.6 × 10¹

⁸⁰

Ni(OH)₂-Beta/CPE

0.69

4.4 × 10⁻⁷

–

2.08 × 10⁶

⁸¹

nano-CuO/GCE^b

0.56

–

–

2.5 × 10⁷

⁸²

NiWO₄-NPs/CPE

069

40.4 × 10 − 4

–

1.37 × 10⁴

⁸⁴

Cu/P(2ADPA)/MCPE

–

–

25.56

7.16 × 10⁶

⁸⁵

Ni/P-1,5-DAN/MCPE

–

–

7

2 × 10⁶

⁸⁶

Ni-ZSM-5/CPE

0.49

8.575 × 10^–6

13.02

9.064 × 10³

⁸⁸

Cu-(PTA) MOFs/MgAl-LDH/CPE

0.61

1.18 × 10^–6

23

4.537 × 10³

This work