Table 6 Hierarchical regression analysis to predict perception of smile attractiveness ratings utilizing personality scores and demographic variables among the total study sample as well as among each group (total n = 435).

From: Relationships between perception of black triangles appearance, personality factors and level of education

Dependent variable	Group	Predictors*	R²	R² change	B	β	P	95% CI for B
Dependent variable	Group	Predictors*	R²	R² change	B	β	P	Lower bound	Upper bound
Maxillary smiles
No BT	Total	Openness	0.054	0.036	0.036	0.121	0.013	0.008	0.064
	G3	Agreeableness	0.111	0.103	0.099	0.319	0.007	0.028	0.170
	G1	Openness	0.207	0.145	0.071	0.281	0.004	0.023	0.119
	G1	Conscientiousness	0.207	0.145	0.041	0.203	0.041	0.002	0.080
Single small central BT	Total	Gender	0.083	0.019	− 0.638	− 0.173	0.001	− 0.995	− 0.280
		Dental/non-dental			0.919	0.239	0.005	0.274	1.563
		Group			− 0.259	− 0.171	0.032	− 0.495	− 0.023
		Agreeableness			0.046	0.113	0.027	0.005	0.087
	G2	Gender	0.096	0.040	− 0.945	− 0.272	0.014	− 1.699	− 0.192
	G3	Gender	0.187	0.139	− 0.811	− 0.204	0.047	− 1.611	− 0.010
	G3	Agreeableness	0.187	0.139	0.105	0.266	0.018	0.019	0.192
	G4	Income	0.162	0.054	0.001	0.339	0.001	0.000	0.001
Single large central BT	Total	Gender	0.062	0.017	− 0.471	− 0.131	0.009	− 0.825	− 0.118
	Total	Conscientiousness	0.062	0.017	0.029	0.115	0.032	0.003	0.056
	G2	Gender	0.113	0.056	− 0.874	− 0.115	0.026	− 1.643	− 0.105
Multiple small BT	G2	Openness	0.104	0.065	− 0.078	− 0.199	0.047	− 0.154	− 0.001
Multiple small BT	G3	Extraversion	0.098	0.085	0.110	0.267	0.017	0.021	0.200
Multiple large BT	Total	Gender	0.071	0.004	− 0.732	− 0.153	0.002	− 1.201	− 0.264
	G2	Openness	0.117	0.102	− 0.108	− 0.238	0.017	− 0.196	− 0.019
	G3	Gender	0.128	0.044	− 1.037	− 0.212	0.047	− 2.058	− 0.016
Mandibular smiles
No BT	Total	Group	0.034	0.010	− 0.255	− 0.189	0.021	− 0.470	− 0.039
	G2	Openness	0.086	0.055	0.063	0.216	0.033	0.005	0.122
	G3	Agreeableness	0.174	0.127	0.142	0.038	< 0.001	0.066	0.217
Single small central BT	Total	Group	0.055	0.020	− 0.266	− 0.188	0.020	− 0.489	− 0.042
	Total	Neuroticism	0.055	0.020	0.025	0.104	0.046	0.000	0.050
	G3	Agreeableness	0.121	0.119	0.107	0.303	0.009	0.027	0.188
Single large central BT	Total	Gender	0.060	0.018	− 0.499	− 0.127	0.011	− 0.886	− 0.113
	Total	Dental/non-dental	0.060	0.018	0.700	0.171	0.049	0.004	1.395
	G3	Agreeableness	0.144	0.130	0.113	0.291	0.012	0.026	0.201
Multiple small BT	Total	Gender	0.040	0.012	− 0.560	− 0.131	0.010	− 0.984	− 0.136
	G2	Gender	0.135	0.054	− 1.147	− 0.290	0.008	− 1.985	− 0.309
	G2	Openness	0.135	0.054	− 0.080	− 0.215	0.030	− 0.152	− 0.008
	G3	Gender	0.141	0.105	− 1.198	− 0.257	0.015	− 2.159	− 0.236
	G3	Agreeableness	0.141	0.105	0.132	0.285	0.014	0.028	0.236
	G4	Age	0.087	0.019	0.069	0.407	0.005	0.022	0.116
Multiple large BT	Total	Gender	0.042	0.002	− 0.789	− 0.170	0.001	− 1.252	− 0.327
	G2	Openness	0.102	0.042	− 0.091	− 0.207	0.040	− 0.177	− 0.004
	G3	Gender	0.140	0.064	− 1.386	− 0.286	0.007	− 2.390	− 0.383

BT black triangle, Total total study sample, G1 dentists, G2 clinical (4th and 5th year) dental students, G3 pre-clinical (3rd year) dental students, G4 laypeople, R² coefficient of determination, B unstandardized coefficient beta, β standardized coefficient beta, P two tailed probability value, CI confidence intervals.
*Significant predictors in final models are presented; the group, age, gender, dental background, and income were included in the first block of the regression model, while the personality scores were included in the second block.

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Table 6 Hierarchical regression analysis to predict perception of smile attractiveness ratings utilizing personality scores and demographic variables among the total study sample as well as among each group (total n = 435).

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