Figure 4

The fabricated kidney phantom with a 4D-printed kidney surgical guide (4DP-KSG). (A) Fabricated kidney phantom. (B) Fabricated kidney phantom assembled with 4DP-KSG. (C) Marked resection line on the kidney phantom using 4DP-KSG.

The fabricated kidney phantom with a 4D-printed kidney surgical guide (4DP-KSG). (A) Fabricated kidney phantom. (B) Fabricated kidney phantom assembled with 4DP-KSG. (C) Marked resection line on the kidney phantom using 4DP-KSG.