Table 3 Training hyperparameters.

From: Identification of kidney stones in KUB X-ray images using VGG16 empowered with explainable artificial intelligence

Sr. no.

Parameters

Value

Explanatory note

1

Size of the Mini Batch

32

A mini-batch size of 32 processes 32 data samples together in each training iteration

2

No. of Epochs

10

It means training the modified VGG16 for 10 complete passes through the entire dataset

3

Learning Rate

0.00001

A learning rate 0.00001 signifies a small step size for updating model parameters during training

4

Optimization Algorithm

Adam

The optimization algorithm "Adam" combines adaptive learning rates and momentum to update model parameters during training efficiently