Table 5 Evaluation metrics of various ML models.

From: Machine learning-based fracturing parameter optimization for horizontal wells in Panke field shale oil

ML model

R2 of training result

R2 of test result

LR

0.863

0.818

SVR

0.772

0.628

GBDT

0.975

0.952

RF

0.994

0.963

MLP

0.905

0.899

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