Table 2 Clinicopathological characteristics of patients according to the model-based risk group.

From: A new model using deep learning to predict recurrence after surgical resection of lung adenocarcinoma

Variables

Total

Low-risk (n = 91)

High-risk (n = 73)

p value

Age, year

 Mean (SD)

62.84 (10.67)

63.55 (10.65)

61.94 (10.69)

0.340

Sex

 Male

91 (55.5%)

45 (49.5%)

46 (63.0%)

0.114

 Female

73 (44.5%)

46 (50.5%)

27 (37.0%)

RFS, day

 Mean (SD)

1034.86 (555.42)

1178.57 (521.26)

855.71 (547.83)

 < 0.001

OS, day

 Mean (SD)

1292.13 (483.20)

1341.74 (458.93)

1230.29 (508.24)

0.143

Tumor invasion size

 Mean (SD)

3.19 (1.76)

2.76 (1.43)

3.75 (1.97)

 < 0.001

Predominant histologic type

 Lepidic

5 (3.0%)

5 (5.5%)

0 (0.0%)

 < 0.001

 Acinar

61 (37.2%)

38 (41.8%)

23 (31.5%)

 Papillary

43 (26.2%)

30 (33.0%)

13 (17.8%)

 Solid

33 (20.1%)

8 (8.8%)

25 (34.2%)

 Micropapillary

4 (2.4%)

2 (2.2%)

2 (2.7%)

 Cribriform

4 (2.4%)

1 (1.1%)

3 (4.1%)

 Mucinous

14 (8.5%)

7 (7.7%)

7 (9.6%)

IASLC grade

 1

7 (4.3%)

6 (6.6%)

1 (1.4%)

 < 0.001

 2

51 (31.1%)

45 (49.5%)

6 (8.2%)

 3

106 (64.6%)

40 (44.0%)

66 (90.4%)

PD component, %

 Mean (SD)

49.09 (38.60)

30.23 (34.66)

72.60 (29.34)

 < 0.001

CGP component, %

 Mean (SD)

19.49 (25.16)

14.12 (20.93)

26.19 (28.34)

 < 0.001

Necrosis

 Absent

100 (61.0%)

71 (78.0%)

29 (39.7%)

 < 0.001

 Present

64 (39.0%)

20 (22.0%)

44 (60.3%)

STAS

 Absent

50 (30.5%)

37 (40.7%)

13 (17.8%)

0.003

 Present

114 (69.5%)

54 (59.3%)

60 (82.2%)

Pleural invasion

 Absent

105 (64.0%)

70 (76.9%)

35 (47.9%)

0.001

 PL1

27 (16.5%)

10 (11.0%)

17 (23.3%)

 PL2

19 (11.6%)

8 (8.8%)

11 (15.1%)

 PL3

13 (7.9%)

3 (3.3%)

10 (13.7%)

Lymphovascular invasion

 Absent

84 (51.2%)

62 (68.1%)

22 (30.1%)

 < 0.001

 Present

80 (48.8%)

29 (31.9%)

51 (69.9%)

pT stage

 pT1

70 (42.7%)

52 (57.1%)

18 (24.7%)

 < 0.001

 pT2

58 (35.4%)

26 (28.6%)

32 (43.8%)

 pT3

26 (15.9%)

10 (11.0%)

16 (21.9%)

 pT4

10 (6.1%)

3 (3.3%)

7 (9.6%)

pN stage

 pN0

117 (71.8%)

75 (83.3%)

42 (57.5%)

 < 0.001

 pN1

17 (10.4%)

3 (3.3%)

14 (19.2%)

 pN2

29 (17.8%)

12 (13.3%)

17 (23.3%)

Stage group

 I 

93 (56.7%)

64 (70.3%)

29 (39.7%)

 < 0.001

 II

33 (20.1%)

13 (14.3%)

20 (27.4%)

 III

36 (22.0%)

14 (15.4%)

22 (30.1%)

 IV

2 (1.2%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (2.7%)

  1. SD standard deviation, IASLC International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, PD poorly differentiated, CGP complex glandular pattern, STAS tumor spread through air spaces, PL level of pleural invasion (PL1, visceral pleural elastic layer; PL2, visceral pleural surface; PL3, parietal pleura and/or chest wall).