Table 3 Comparison of efficacy outcomes of two groups.

From: Effectiveness of Butorphanol in alleviating intra- and post-operative visceral pain following microwave ablation for hepatic tumor: a dual-central, randomized, controlled trial

 

Control Group

n = 100

Experimental Group

n = 200

p-value

Pain level before surgery

0.01 + 0.1

0

0.16

Primary outcome

Pain level during surgery

5.00 + 1.46

3.54 + 1.67

 < 0.001

No pain (0)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

 < 0.001

mild pain (1–3)

17 (17.00)

105 (52.50)

 

moderate pain (4–6)

68 (68.00)

83 (41.50)

 

severe pain (7–10)

15(15.00)

12 (6.00)

 

ORR(95%CI)

93 + 2.60

100

 

DCF(95%CI)

99 + 1.00

100

 

Secondary outcome

Pain level after surgery 6 h

1.39 + 1.21

0.65 + 0.81

 < 0.001

Pain evaluation

Complete relief

18

106

 < 0.001

Partial relief

75

194

 

Stable disease

6

0

 

Progressive disease

1

0

 
  1. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used for comparisons between groups. Student’s t-test was used for analysis when the data were in normal distribution.
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