Table 1 Data of IBA-1 positive cells density (microglial density) and statistical comparisons between experimental conditions and brain regions of interest (ROI).

From: Dietary linoleic acid supplementation protects against obesity-induced microglial reactivity in mice

ROI	Microglial density (mean n° IBA-1⁺ cells/mm² ± SEM)						KW—H; post-hoc MWU—Z
ROI	Bregma coord. (mm)	STD-VEH	STD-LA	HFD-VEH	HFD-LA	n	STD-VEH vs. STD-LA	STD-VEH vs. HFD-VEH	HFD-VEH vs. HFD-LA
Hypothalamic regions
PVN	0.26–0.02 aB	213.66 ± 13.20	213.36 ± 10.55	290.38 ± 12.39	214.95 ± 7.58	29	H_3,29 = 15.0, p = 0.001
PVN	0.26–0.02 aB	213.66 ± 13.20	213.36 ± 10.55	290.38 ± 12.39	214.95 ± 7.58	29	Z = − 0.7, p = 0.49	Z = − 2.8, p = 0.005	Z = 3.1, p = 0.002
PLH	1.06–1.34 pB	189.07 ± 7.35	195.19 ± 6.21	242.31 ± 6.56	185.32 ± 8.37	28	H_3,28 = 15.6, p = 0.001
PLH	1.06–1.34 pB	189.07 ± 7.35	195.19 ± 6.21	242.31 ± 6.56	185.32 ± 8.37	28	Z = − 0.7, p = 0.48	Z = − 3.1, p = 0.002	Z = 3.1, p = 0.002
VMH	1.70–1.94 pB	229.57 ± 10.14	233.21 ± 7.96	306.35 ± 8.78	254.86 ± 6.28	29	H_3,29 = 17.5, p = 0.000
VMH	1.70–1.94 pB	229.57 ± 10.14	233.21 ± 7.96	306.35 ± 8.78	254.86 ± 6.28	29	Z = − 0.3, p = 0.77	Z = − 3.2, p = 0.002	Z = 2.8, p = 0.005
LH	2.06–2.30 pB	237.91 ± 5.80	250.47 ± 9.09	325.19 ± 14.85	248.69 ± 11.14	29	H_3,29 = 15.8, p = 0.001
LH	2.06–2.30 pB	237.91 ± 5.80	250.47 ± 9.09	325.19 ± 14.85	248.69 ± 11.14	29	Z = − 0.9, p = 0.35	Z = − 3.3, p = 0.001	Z = 3.0 , p = 0.003
STN	2.06–2.30 pB	309.96 ± 8.83	298.33 ± 15.56	462.10 ± 28.25	309.89 ± 9.37	29	H_3,29 = 17.0, p = 0.000
STN	2.06–2.30 pB	309.96 ± 8.83	298.33 ± 15.56	462.10 ± 28.25	309.89 ± 9.37	29	Z = 0.7, p = 0.49	Z = − 3.4, p = 0.001	Z = 3.1, p = 0.002
PSTN	2.06–2.30 pB	325.71 ± 11.12	337.97 ± 16.49	472.81 ± 13.73	357.33 ± 19.37	27	H_3,27 = 16.0, p = 0.001
PSTN	2.06–2.30 pB	325.71 ± 11.12	337.97 ± 16.49	472.81 ± 13.73	357.33 ± 19.37	27	Z = − 0.5, p = 0.61	Z = − 3.1, p = 0.002	Z = 3.0 , p = 0.003
Cortical areas
PL	1.94–1.70 aB	235.10 ± 7.68	248.41 ± 5.72	296.24 ± 3.72	235.57 ± 6.37	30	H_3,30 = 18.6, p = 0.000
PL	1.94–1.70 aB	235.10 ± 7.68	248.41 ± 5.72	296.24 ± 3.72	235.57 ± 6.37	30	Z = − 1.6, p = 0.11	Z = − 3.4, p = 0.001	Z = 3.2, p = 0.001
IL	1.94–1.70 aB	225.29 ± 8.75	232.91 ± 3.83	291.88 ± 7.72	230.63 ± 8.34	30	H_3,30 = 16.9, p = 0.000
IL	1.94–1.70 aB	225.29 ± 8.75	232.91 ± 3.83	291.88 ± 7.72	230.63 ± 8.34	30	Z = − 0.8, p = 0.42	Z = − 3.3, p = 0.001	Z = 3.2, p = 0.001
OFC	1.94–1.70 aB	266.86 ± 5.35	259.20 ± 6.35	317.25 ± 4.27	264.50 ± 4.59	30	H_3,30 = 18.0, p = 0.000
OFC	1.94–1.70 aB	266.86 ± 5.35	259.20 ± 6.35	317.25 ± 4.27	264.50 ± 4.59	30	Z = 1.0, p = 0.30	Z = − 3.4, p = 0.001	Z = 3.2, p = 0.001
ACC	1.10–0.98 aB	230.62 ± 14.58	250.00 ± 5.32	273.86 ± 6.76	217.20 ± 10.85	28	H_3,28 = 11.0, p = 0.011
ACC	1.10–0.98 aB	230.62 ± 14.58	250.00 ± 5.32	273.86 ± 6.76	217.20 ± 10.85	28	Z = − 0.9, p = 0.36	Z = − 2.2, p = 0.031	Z = 2.8, p = 0.005
aIC	0.26–0.02 aB	300.03 ± 9.49	318.94 ± 15.61	351.29 ± 9.81	331.52 ± 7.54	29	H_3,29 = 9.1, p = 0.028
aIC	0.26–0.02 aB	300.03 ± 9.49	318.94 ± 15.61	351.29 ± 9.81	331.52 ± 7.54	29	Z = − 0.9, p = 0.35	Z = − 2.9, p = 0.003	Z = 1.8, p = 0.07
Subcortical regions
DMS	1.10–0.98 aB	246.79 ± 8.84	242.62 ± 14.26	288.46 ± 6.47	235.04 ± 9.46	28	H_3,28 = 12.3, p = 0.006
DMS	1.10–0.98 aB	246.79 ± 8.84	242.62 ± 14.26	288.46 ± 6.47	235.04 ± 9.46	28	Z = 0.3, p = 0.80	Z = − 2.8, p = 0.005	Z = 2.8, p = 0.004
DLS	1.10–0.98 aB	270.83 ± 12.57	271.98 ± 7.51	315.77 ± 12.57	293.75 ± 13.13	28	H_3,28 = 8.0, p = 0.045
DLS	1.10–0.98 aB	270.83 ± 12.57	271.98 ± 7.51	315.77 ± 12.57	293.75 ± 13.13	28	Z = − 0.2, p = 0.85	Z = − 2.3, p = 0.024	Z = 0.71, p = 0.48
dBNST	0.26–0.02 aB	209.70 ± 6.85	204.16 ± 9.42	286.20 ± 6.62	236.54 ± 6.51	29	H_3,29 = 20.9, p = 0.000
dBNST	0.26–0.02 aB	209.70 ± 6.85	204.16 ± 9.42	286.20 ± 6.62	236.54 ± 6.51	29	Z = 0.3, p = 0.73	Z = − 3.4, p = 0.001	Z = 3.1, p = 0.002
dHipp	1.70–1.94 pB	330.90 ± 11.52	333.75 ± 13.23	419.78 ± 14.34	345.10 ± 5.57	29	H_3,29 = 15.6, p = 0.001
dHipp	1.70–1.94 pB	330.90 ± 11.52	333.75 ± 13.23	419.78 ± 14.34	345.10 ± 5.57	29	Z = − 0.3, p = 0.73	Z = − 3.1, p = 0.002	Z = 2.1, p = 0.04
LHb	1.70–1.94 pB	291.87 ± 12.86	293.03 ± 7.09	348.31 ± 25.37	286.56 ± 12.69	29	H_3,29 = 7.0, p = 0.073
BLA	1.06–1.34 pB	322.64 ± 14.54	315.45 ± 10.04	416.04 ± 17.94	353.95 ± 15.25	29	H_3,29 = 15.6, p = 0.001
BLA	1.06–1.34 pB	322.64 ± 14.54	315.45 ± 10.04	416.04 ± 17.94	353.95 ± 15.25	29	Z = 0.8, p = 0.42	Z = − 3.2, p = 0.002	Z = 1.8, p = 0.07
CeA	1.06–1.34 pB	287.64 ± 17.71	258.29 ± 8.92	373.61 ± 17.62	257.40 ± 17.09	29	H_3,29 = 15.7, p = 0.001
CeA	1.06–1.34 pB	287.64 ± 17.71	258.29 ± 8.92	373.61 ± 17.62	257.40 ± 17.09	29	Z = 1.5, p = 0.13	Z = − 2.7, p = 0.006	Z = 2.8, p = 0.004
VPM	2.06–2.30 pB	252.81 ± 7.58	248.19 ± 8.85	342.91 ± 16.00	259.90 ± 4.00	29	H_3,29 = 15.8, p = 0.001
VPM	2.06–2.30 pB	252.81 ± 7.58	248.19 ± 8.85	342.91 ± 16.00	259.90 ± 4.00	29	Z = 0.6, p = 0.56	Z = − 3.2, p = 0.002	Z = 3.0, p = 0.003
VPPC	2.06–2.30 pB	239.20 ± 10.60	255.05 ± 9.55	368.39 ± 18.39	264.02 ± 12.21	29	H_3,29 = 18.2, p = 0.000
VPPC	2.06–2.30 pB	239.20 ± 10.60	255.05 ± 9.55	368.39 ± 18.39	264.02 ± 12.21	29	Z = − 1.0, p = 0.32	Z = − 3.4, p = 0.001	Z = 3.1, p = 0.002

Significant values are in bold.
Bregma coordinates (mm) for sections selection: anterior to Bregma—aB; posterior to Bregma—pB. Food regimen: standard diet—ST; high-fat diet—HFD. Treatment: vehicle—VEH; linoleic acid supplementation—LA. Data are means ± SEM. Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus—PVN, peduncular part of the lateral hypothalamus –PLH, ventromedial hypothalamus—VMH, lateral hypothalamus—LH, subthalamic nucleus of the hypothalamus—STN, parasubthalamic nucleus of the hypothalamus—PSTN, prelimbic cortex—PL, infralimbic cortex—IL, orbitofrontal cortex—OFC, anterior cingulate cortex—ACC, anterior insular cortex—aIC, dorsomedial striatum—DMS, dorsolateral striatum—DLS, dorsal region of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis—dBNST, dorsal hippocampus—dHipp, lateral habenula—LHb, basolateral amygdala—BLA, central amygdala—CeA, ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus—VPM, and parvicellular part of the ventral posterior thalamic nucleus—VPPC. n: sample size.

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Table 1 Data of IBA-1 positive cells density (microglial density) and statistical comparisons between experimental conditions and brain regions of interest (ROI).

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