Table 1 Standard water parameters according to guidelines provided by Egyptian standards (ES), World Health Organization (WHO), and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME).

From: Integrated management of groundwater quantity, physicochemical properties, and microbial quality in West Nile delta using a new MATLAB code and geographic information system mapping

Parameters

Units

Methods

ES,45878

WHO79

CCME80

pH

 

Potentiometry (pH meter)

8.5

6.5–8.5

6.5–9

EC

μS cm−1

Conductivity probe

 < 1200

2000

 < 1800

TH

mg L−1

Complexometry by EDTA titration

500

500

 

Ca

 

Argentometry (titration)

75

75

 

Mg

 

Argentometry (titration)

50

50

 

HCO3

 

Phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators

 < 500

 < 250

 

TA

 

Titration

500

500

 

Na

 

Flame photometer analysis

200

200

500

K

 

Flame photometer analysis

10

10

 < 150

Cl

 

Titration

200

250

 < 10

SO4

 

Spectrophotometer

200

250

120

TDS

 

TDS probe

500

1000

 

NH3

 

Titration

0.20

0.45

 < 500

NO3

 

Spectrophotometer

11

10

1.37

PO4–3

 

Spectrophotometer

 < 0.40

1

2.93

Total Fe

 

Spectrophotometer

0.3

0.3

 

Mn

 

Spectrophotometer

0.1

0.1

0.3

Cu

 

Spectrophotometer

2

2

0.05

Zn

 

Spectrophotometer

0.5

3

0.004

CN

 

Spectrophotometer

 < 0.05

 

0.05

Fecal coliform

CFU mg L−1

Plate count

0

0

0

  1. EC electrical conductivity, TH total hardness, Ca calcium, Mg magnesium, HCO3 bicarbonate, TA total alkalinity, Na sodium, K potassium, Cl chloride, SO4 sulfate, TDS total dissolved solids, NH3 ammonia, NO3 nitrate, PO4−3 phosphate, Fe iron, Mn manganese, Cu copper, Zn zinc, CN cyanide, EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, CFU colony forming units.
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