Table 1 Basic characteristics of the study.
Study | Country | N | M/F | Age (years) | Duration of illness | Length of intervention | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EG | CG | EG | CG | EG | CG | EG | CG | |||
T. Mullapudi, 2023 | India | 21 | 20 | 14/7 | 13/7 | 25.10 ± 7.37 | 27.55 ± 7.93 | 7.29 ± 4.71(y) | 8.53 ± 5.08(y) | 6 Months |
N. M. Khonsari, 2022 | Iran | 20 | 20 | 12/8 | 9/11 | 32.7 ± 8.6 | 37.2 ± 7.8 | 10.3 ± 4.4(y) | 11.5 ± 4.5(y) | 8 Weeks |
Y. Kurebayashi, 2022 | Japan | 4 | 14 | NR/NR | NR/NR | 50.3 ± 14.0 | 59.7 ± 13.0 | 31.0 ± 10.2(y) | 30.9 ± 15.1(y) | 8 Weeks |
N. P. Rao, 2021 | India | 45 | 44 | 29/16 | 32/12 | 34.79 ± 7.06 | 33.65 ± 8.95 | 137.42 ± 83.59(m) | 125.82 ± 90.71(m) | 12 Weeks |
N. Massa, 2020 | USA | 9 | 6 | 9/0 | 6/0 | 53.44 ± 7.14 | 52.67 ± 10.07 | NR | NR | 12 Weeks |
M. Li, 2020 | China | 30 | 31 | 24/6 | 23/8 | 51.00 ± 6.86 | 50.97 ± 8.54 | 21.63 ± 10.13(y) | 19.84 ± 10.47(y) | 24 Weeks |
T. Shimada, 2019 | Japan | 16 | 15 | NR/NR | NR/NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 12Â Weeks |
A. J. Romain, 2019 | Canada | 27 | 25 | 25/13 | 16/12 | 29.70 ± 7.24 | 32.12 ± 7.10 | NR | NR | 6 Months |
P. W. Wang, 2018 | China | 25 | 23 | 15/18 | 15/14 | 38.3 ± 8.34 | 38.72 ± 8.62 | NR | NR | 3 Months |
D. Curcic, 2017 | Serbia | 40 | 40 | 23/17 | 19/21 | 39.95 ± 9.51 | 41.75 ± 9.45 | 12.52 ± 7.62(y) | 11.14 ± 7.21(y) | 12 Weeks |
S. Ikai, 2017 | Japan | 28 | 28 | 18/10 | 18/10 | 55.5 ± 11.4 | 55.0 ± 15.8 | 23.4 ± 14.4(y) | 28.9 ± 14.8(y) | 12 Weeks |
C. Y. Su, 2016 | China | 22 | 22 | 10/12 | 10/12 | 37.64 ± 8.23 | 36.68 ± 8.33 | 14.05 ± 8.77 (y) | 12.00 ± 7.65(y) | 3 Months |
R. Kang, 2016 | China | 118 | 126 | 53/65 | 63/63 | 46.4 ± 11.9 | 45.4 ± 12.3 | 21.3 ± 11.7(y) | 19.8 ± 12.1(y) | 12 Months |
A. Kaltsatou, 2015 | USA | 16 | 15 | 14/2 | 11/4 | 59.5 ± 19.6 | 60.4 ± 8.6 | 35.1 ± 19.1(y) | 33.7 ± 19.3(y) | 8 Months |
S. Y. Loh, 2016 | Malaysia | 52 | 48 | 35/17 | 39/13 | 46.0 ± 14 | 53.00 ± 11 | 15.5 ± 12(y) | 25.00 ± 12(y) | 3 Months |
S. Ikai, 2014 | Japan | 25 | 25 | 16/9 | 17/8 | 53.5 ± 9.9 | 48.2 ± 12.3 | 25.3 ± 9.6(y) | 24.7 ± 11.1(y) | 8 Weeks |
S. Ikai, 2013 | Japan | 25 | 24 | 16/9 | 16/8 | 54.8 ± 9.0 | 51.5 ± 15.1 | 24.5 ± 10.8(y) | 27.7 ± 11.5(y) | 8 Weeks |
T. W. Scheewe, 2013 | Netherlands | 20 | 19 | 23/8 | 23/9 | 29.2 ± 7.2 | 30.1 ± 7.7 | 2302.5 ± 2056.5(d) | 2540.1 ± 2233.2(d) | 6 Months |
S. Varambally, 2013 | India | 35 | 25 | 26/18 | 23/21 | 31.7 ± 8.8 | 31.1 ± 7.8 | 119.5 ± 102(m) | 97.3 ± 90.8(m) | 6 Weeks |
S. Varambally, 2012 | India | 46 | 37 | 28/18 | 27/10 | 32.8 ± 10.0 | 33.6 ± 9.5 | 129.7 ± 96.6(m) | 121.5 ± 105.8(m) | 4 Months |
|  | 36 |  | 28/8 |  | 30.6 ± 7.3 |  | 88.6 ± 91.9(m) |  |  | |
J. Heggelund, 2011 | Norway | 12 | 7 | 9/3 | 4/3 | 30.5 ± 8.7 | 38.9 ± 11.4 | 35.2 ± 19.6(m) | 70.1 ± 62.9(m) | 8 Weeks |
E. Visceglia, 2011 | USA | 9 | 9 | 12/6 | 37.40 ± 13.73 | 48.13 ± 11.24 | 31.40 ± 20.38(m) | 53.00 ± 76.80(m) | 8 Weeks | |
R. V. Behere, 2011 | India | 27 | 22 | 18/9 | 15/7 | 31.3 ± 9.3 | 33.6 ± 9.9 | 126.2 ± 101.6(m) | 121.6 ± 108.6(m) | 4 Months |
|  | 17 |  | 14/3 |  | 30.2 ± 8.0 |  | 86.6 ± 93.1(m) |  |  | |
A. A. Acil, 2008 | Turkey | 15 | 15 | NR/NR | NR/NR | 32.06 | 32.66 | 10.93(y) | 9.60(y) | 10Â Weeks |
G. Duraiswamy, 2007 | India | 21 | 20 | 19/12 | 23/7 | 32.53 ± 7.9 | 31.30 ± 7.9 | 99.1 ± 96.1(m) | 81.1 ± 81.4(m) | 4 Months |
