Table 4 The time placebo test results for VSD, SO2, and EFD with lags of stages 2, 3, 4, and 5.
From: The impact of smart city construction (SCC) on pollution emissions (PE): evidence from China
\(lnEFD\) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
\({SCCdid}^{false2}\) | \({SCCdid}^{false3}\) | \({SCCdid}^{false4}\) | \({SCCdid}^{false5}\) | |
Panel A: EFD | ||||
\(SCCdid\) | − 0.192 | − 0.204 | − 0.197 | − 0.196 |
(− 0.01) | (− 0.24) | (− 0.25) | (− 0.63) | |
\({R}^{2}\) | 0.6985 | 0.6987 | 0.6985 | 0.6983 |
Panel B: VSD | ||||
\(SCCdid\) | − 0.0494 | − 0.0501 | − 0.0488 | − 0.0567 |
(− 0.40) | (− 0.39) | (− 0.38) | (− 0.41) | |
\({R}^{2}\) | 0.7842 | 0.7842 | 0.7842 | 0.7842 |
Panel C: SO2 | ||||
\(SCCdid\) | − 1.044 | − 1.003 | − 1.065 | − 1.096 |
(− 1.05) | (− 1.03) | (− 1.09) | (− 1.12) | |
\(Control\) | TRUE | TRUE | TRUE | TRUE |
\(Year FE\) | TRUE | TRUE | TRUE | TRUE |
\(City FE\) | TRUE | TRUE | TRUE | TRUE |
\(N\) | 3990 | 3990 | 3990 | 3990 |
\({R}^{2}\) | 0.7405 | 0.7403 | 0.7404 | 0.7403 |
