Table 6 ESV estimates (million $USD year−1) using local (a) and global (b) coefficients.
Coefficient | Land-cover | 1973 | 1986 | 2001 | 2016 | 2024 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mil. $ | % | Mil. $ | % | Mil. $ | % | Mil. $ | % | Mil. $ | % | ||
a | Bare land | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Cultivated land | 8.03 | 13.36 | 10.74 | 21.26 | 13.35 | 30.56 | 13.32 | 28.57 | 5.27 | 7.96 | |
Grassland | 3.41 | 5.67 | 3.30 | 6.53 | 2.39 | 5.47 | 1.30 | 2.80 | 0.72 | 1.08 | |
Natural forest | 3.37 | 5.61 | 3.00 | 5.93 | 2.26 | 5.17 | 3.05 | 6.54 | 8.85 | 13.35 | |
Plantation forest | 41.69 | 69.39 | 30.24 | 59.84 | 22.48 | 51.46 | 25.29 | 54.26 | 43.62 | 65.82 | |
Settlement | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
Water bodies | 3.58 | 5.96 | 3.25 | 6.43 | 3.21 | 7.34 | 3.65 | 7.83 | 7.82 | 11.79 | |
Total | 60.08 | 100 | 50.53 | 100 | 43.69 | 100 | 46.61 | 100 | 66.27 | 100 | |
b | Bare land | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Cultivated land | 3.27 | 3.23 | 4.38 | 5.62 | 5.45 | 8.92 | 5.43 | 8.00 | 12.93 | 27.46 | |
Grassland | 2.69 | 2.66 | 2.61 | 3.35 | 1.89 | 3.1 | 1.03 | 1.52 | 0.91 | 1.93 | |
Natural forest | 6.85 | 6.76 | 6.10 | 7.82 | 4.60 | 7.54 | 6.20 | 9.12 | 4.35 | 9.24 | |
Plantation forest | 84.8 | 83.64 | 61.5 | 78.85 | 45.73 | 74.93 | 51.45 | 75.73 | 21.44 | 45.55 | |
Settlement | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
Water bodies | 3.76 | 3.71 | 3.41 | 4.37 | 3.36 | 5.51 | 3.83 | 5.63 | 7.45 | 15.83 | |
Total | 101.4 | 100 | 78.01 | 100 | 61.03 | 100 | 67.94 | 100 | 47.08 | 100.00 | |
