Table 4 Comparison of prediction errors for the four models.

From: Experimental analysis and model prediction of elbow pipe's erosion in water-cooled radiator

Predictive model

MAE

MSE

MAPE/%

R2

BP

0.5214

0.8816

14.515

0.9969

PSO-BP

0.2070

0.0895

4.702

0.9997

LSSVM

0.6450

1.4528

17.6362

0.9944

PSO-LSSVM

0.6185

1.437

15.3973

0.9950