Table 1 Constructs and measures in the All of Us SDOH survey.

Social and community context

 Social cohesion among neighbors

Social cohesion neighborhood scale (4-item)

¹⁶

 Social support

RAND MOS social support survey (8-item)

¹⁷

 Loneliness

UCLA loneliness scale (8-item)

¹⁸

 Perceived discrimination

Everyday discrimination scale (9-item), plus attribution (1-item)

^19,20

 Perceived stress

Cohen’s perceived stress scale (10-item)

^21,22

 Daily spiritual experiences

Fetzer multidimensional measure of religiousness/spirituality (6-item)

²³

 Religious service attendance

Religious service attendance nurses’ health study (1-item)

²⁴

 English proficiency

California health interview survey language spoken at home (1-item)

²⁵

Economic stability

 Food insecurity

Children’s HealthWatch Hunger vital sign (2-item)

²⁶

 Housing instability indicator

Health begins upstream risk screening (1-item)

²⁷

 Housing quality

Accountable health communities (1-item)

²⁸

Neighborhood and built environment

 Neighborhood physical disorder

Ross–Mirowsky perceived neighborhood disorder scale (6-item physical disorder subscale)

²⁹

 Neighborhood social disorder

Ross–Mirowsky perceived neighborhood disorder scale (7-item social disorder subscale)

²⁹

 Neighborhood walkability

Physical activity neighborhood environment scale (PANES) (5 core items)

^30,31

 Neighborhood crime

Physical activity neighborhood environment scale (PANES) crime (2-item subscale)

^30,31

Neighborhood residential density

Physical activity neighborhood environment scale (PANES) neighborhood housing type (1-item indicator)

^30,31

Health and healthcare

 Perceived discrimination in medical care settings

Everyday discrimination scale in medical settings (7-item)

³²