Table 8 Measurement results for the temperature field of the surrounding rock in the airbag and airbag-less models (direction A).

From: Frost protection mechanism based on rubber airbag interlayered composite lining system for cold-region tunnels

Measurement points

Depth of measurement (cm)

The measured temperature of the airbag-less model (°C)

The measured temperature of the airbag model (°C)

1

0

 − 11.78

 − 2.85

2

1.5

 − 10.13

 − 2.20

3

3.0

 − 8.67

 − 1.58

4

4.5

 − 7.38

 − 1.00

5

6.0

 − 6.17

 − 0.46

6

7.5

 − 5.20

0.08

7

9.0

 − 4.31

0.60

8

10.5

 − 3.44

1.10

9

12.0

 − 2.59

1.59

10

13.5

 − 1.85

2.05

11

15.0

 − 1.12

2.38

12

16.5

 − 0.42

2.67

13

18.0

0.27

2.85

14

19.5

0.91

2.91

15

21.0

1.54

2.96

16

22.5

2.13

2.98

17

24.0

2.66

3.00