Table 2 Bivariate associations between variables and chronic pain.
Variable | OR (95% CI) | p Value | Variable | OR (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | < 0.001 | Poverty income ratio | 0.89 (0.85–0.94) | < 0.001 |
Sex, n (%) | Body mass index, kg/m2 | 1 (0.99–1.02) | 0.674 | ||
Male | 1 (Ref) | Smoking status, n (%) | |||
Female | 1.12 (0.85–1.47) | 0.417 | Never | 1 (Ref) | |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | Former | 1.37 (1.1–1.7) | 0.006 | ||
Non-Hispanic white | 1 (Ref) | Current | 1.68 (1.27–2.22) | < 0.001 | |
Non-Hispanic black | 1 (0.78–1.28) | 0.986 | Physical activity, n (%) | ||
Mexican American | 0.69 (0.47–1.01) | 0.058 | Sedentary | 1 (Ref) | |
Others | 0.82 (0.61–1.11) | 0.197 | Moderate | 0.67 (0.51–0.87) | 0.003 |
Education level (years), n (%) | Vigorous | 0.39 (0.3–0.5) | < 0.001 | ||
< 9 | 1 (Ref) | Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 1.85 (1.12–3.06) | < 0.001 | |
9–12 | 0.89 (0.6–1.32) | 0.55 | Stroke, n (%) | 1.37 (0.74–2.51) | 0.307 |
> 12 | 0.66 (0.42–1.03) | 0.068 | Diabetes, n (%) | 1.98 (1.40–2.81) | < 0.001 |
Marital status, n (%) | Hypertension, n (%) | 1.7 (1.34–2.14) | < 0.001 | ||
Married or living with a partner | 1 (Ref) | Dietary supplements taken, n (%) | 1.09 (0.92–1.28) | 0.308 | |
Living alone | 0.77 (0.61–0.97) | 0.026 | C-reactive protein, mg/dl | 1.09 (0.94–1.26) | 0.261 |
Dietary inflammation index | 1.09 (1.03–1.16) | 0.003 |
