Table 3 Association between dietary inflammatory index and chronic pain in multiple regression model.

From: Exploring the association between dietary Inflammatory Index and chronic pain in US adults using NHANES 1999–2004

Outcome

Total

Chronic pain, %

Crude model

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

OR (95% CI)

p Value

OR (95% CI)

p Value

OR (95% CI)

p Value

OR (95% CI)

p Value

DII

2671

58.29

1.09 (1.03–1.16)

0.003

1.1 (1.04–1.16)

 < 0.001

1.08 (1.02–1.14)

0.009

1.05 (0.99–1.11)

0.081

DII (quartile)

 Q1

667

52.61

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

 Q2

667

53.93

1.05 (0.74–1.5)

0.762

1.06 (0.78–1.45)

0.707

1.02 (0.75–1.4)

0.887

0.95 (0.7–1.29)

0.719

 Q3

665

61.8

1.46 (1.05–2.02)

0.024

1.51 (1.1–2.09)

0.013

1.41 (1.02–1.96)

0.041

1.32 (0.94–1.86)

0.101

 Q4

672

65.03

1.67 (1.23–2.28)

0.002

1.8 (1.34–2.41)

 < 0.001

1.63 (1.23–2.17)

0.001

1.43 (1.08–1.89)

0.015

 Trend test

   

 < 0.001

 

 < 0.001

 

 < 0.001

 

0.004

  1. Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; DII: dietary inflammatory index; OR: odds ratio; Ref: reference.
  2. Note: This table presents the results from a multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders. All analyses have been weighted to account for the survey's complex sampling design, ensuring that the findings are representative of the population studied.
  3. Q1 (≤ − 0.2), Q2 (− 0.21–1.30), Q3 (1.31–2.49), Q4 (≥ 2.5).
  4. Model I: Adjusted for age and sex.
  5. Model II: Adjusted for age, sex, race, marital status, poverty income ratio, and education level.
  6. Model III: Adjusted for all these variables, including age, sex race, marital status, poverty income ratio, education level, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, coronary heart disease, stroke, dietary supplements taken, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and C-reactive protein.
Back to article page