Table 4 Heterosis (mid parent) and heterobeltiosis (better parent) of 36 sunflower hybrids.

CMS-HAP-56 × RHP-68

127.76**

58.44**

17.33**

10.17 ns

23.22*

12.92 ns

30.82 ns

− 6.39 ns

CMS-HAP-56 × RHP-41

129.4**

42.09*

− 2.52 ns

− 3.33 ns

40.59**

18.79 ns

49.4*

7.63 ns

CMS-HAP-56 × RHP-38

182.66**

87.09**

4.59 ns

1.14 ns

36.65**

22.41*

51.58*

12.06 ns

CMS-HAP-56 × RHP-53

131.05**

56.25**

− 6.68 ns

− 11.18 ns

53.14**

37.18**

29.37 ns

− 2.23 ns

CMS-HAP-56 × RHP-71

135.72**

38.34*

31.89**

24.29**

32.75**

11.64 ns

96.08**

45.75*

CMS-HAP-56 × RHP-69

106.46**

43.75*

− 0.55 ns

− 2.18 ns

57.72**

32.49**

47.07*

5.43 ns

CMS-HAP-111 × RHP-68

109.35**

38.8*

29.26**

22.9**

13.07 ns

− 0.88 ns

78.89**

32.37 ns

CMS-HAP-111 × RHP-41

132.13**

39.16*

23.71**

10 ns

40.16**

13.81 ns

134.69**

74.93**

CMS-HAP-111 × RHP-38

111.11**

34.03*

24.44**

14.95*

− 1.5 ns

− 15.49*

39.16 ns

6.65 ns

CMS-HAP-111 × RHP-53

86.25**

20.48 ns

− 7.14 ns

− 20.37**

2.01 ns

− 12.48 ns

10.52 ns

− 13.27 ns

CMS-HAP-111 × RHP-71

114.12**

22.56 ns

43.58**

36.02**

− 3.45 ns

− 21.95*

107.48**

59.95**

CMS-HAP-111 × RHP-69

65.87**

10.06 ns

24.42**

9.84 ns

22.08*

− 1.42 ns

67.64**

24.29 ns

CMS-HAP-112 × RHP-68

94.6**

30.77 ns

− 0.56 ns

− 11.37 ns

14.79 ns

5.19 ns

6.78 ns

− 25.25 ns

CMS-HAP-112 × RHP-41

116.77**

31.13 ns

− 7.04 ns

− 11.39 ns

39.55**

17.91 ns

52.4*

7.38 ns

CMS-HAP-112 × RHP-38

137.25**

52.38**

7.73 ns

− 1.3 ns

43.09**

28.18*

31.48 ns

− 5.06 ns

CMS-HAP-112 × RHP-53

92.4**

26.01 ns

− 9.25 ns

− 9.86 ns

22.88*

10.08 ns

− 1.79 ns

− 27.58 ns

CMS-HAP-112 × RHP-71

109.72**

20.88 ns

22.74**

9.76 ns

21.12 ns

1.86 ns

77.34**

28.72 ns

CMS-HAP-112 × RHP-69

87.91**

26.37 ns

− 3.55 ns

− 7.34 ns

37.33**

15.36 ns

26.97 ns

− 10.96 ns

CMS-HAP-12 × RHP-68

113.25**

43.14**

4.43 ns

− 1.16 ns

20.45*

3.92 ns

110.89**

55.87*

CMS-HAP-12 × RHP-41

123.22**

34.93*

− 6.2 ns

− 7.77 ns

35.89**

8.78 ns

107.02**

54.13*

CMS-HAP-12 × RHP-38

96.64**

26.18 ns

19.65**

16.66*

48.03**

25.06*

71.35**

31.16 ns

CMS-HAP-12 × RHP-53

101.79**

32.02 ns

4.88 ns

− 0.98 ns

10.6 ns

− 6.56 ns

29.56 ns

1.53 ns

CMS-HAP-12 × RHP-71

109.55**

20.71 ns

29.46**

22.98**

19.25 ns

− 4.94 ns

125.18**

73.37**

CMS-HAP-12 × RHP-69

94.9**

30.93 ns

− 0.84 ns

− 3.28 ns

33.4**

6.22 ns

74.13**

28.96 ns

CMS-HAP-54 × RHP-68

159.07**

121.47**

− 0.64 ns

− 9.86 ns

26.53*

14.59 ns

80.89**

29.73 ns

CMS-HAP-54 × RHP-41

269.21**

164.56**

− 8.85 ns

− 11.43 ns

31.7**

10.1 ns

34.47 ns

− 2.9 ns

CMS-HAP-54 × RHP-38

270.46**

194.01**

11.76*

4.29 ns

52.21**

34.8**

56.06*

15.65 ns

CMS-HAP-54 × RHP-53

183.1**

132.06**

− 16.21**

− 17.3**

32.83**

17.64

25.06 ns

− 5.25 ns

CMS-HAP-54 × RHP-71

317.24**

174.38**

24.35**

13.21*

16.84 ns

− 2.76 ns

120.81**

64.53**

CMS-HAP-54 × RHP-69

191.39**

149.43**

2.2 ns

0.11 ns

54.24**

28.22*

64.24**

18 ns

CMS-HAP-99 × RHP-68

269.49**

194.68**

2.44 ns

− 8.58 ns

6.81 ns

− 12.19 ns

56.66*

11.18 ns

CMS-HAP-99 × RHP-41

251.46**

139.54**

7.94 ns

3.03 ns

30.11**

− 0.23 ns

100.05**

42.93*

CMS-HAP-99 × RHP-38

180.25**

109.13**

10.11 ns

1.02 ns

24.6**

0.45 ns

67**

22.38 ns

CMS-HAP-99 × RHP-53

228.39**

152.22**

1.55 ns

1.02 ns

18.4*

− 4.54 ns

33.99 ns

0.33 ns

CMS-HAP-99 × RHP-71

263.91**

130.04**

22.39**

9.59 ns

11 ns

− 15.22 ns

93.82**

42.8*

CMS-HAP-99 × RHP-69

233.52**

166.31**

− 8.66 ns

− 12.12*

34.03**

2.27 ns

54.96*

10.18 ns