Table 1 Experimental data of actuation voltage, saturation voltage and saturation contact angle.
\(c_{{\text{i}}}\)(mM) | \(V_{{\text{a}}}\)(V) | \(V_{{\text{s}}}\)(V) | \(\theta_{{\text{s}}}\) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PDMS 5:1 | PDMS 10:1 | PDMS 20:1 | PDMS 5:1 | PDMS 10:1 | PDMS 20:1 | PDMS 5:1 | PDMS 10:1 | PDMS 20:1 | |
0 | 100 | 140 | 220 | 500 | 580 | 640 | 50°  ± 1° | 50°  ± 1° | 52°  ± 1° |
0.12 | 80 | 100 | 120 | 400 | 460 | 500 | 50°  ± 1° | 50°  ± 1° | 50°  ± 1° |
0.82 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 380 | 400 | 440 | 49°  ± 2° | 49°  ± 1° | 52°  ± 1° |
1.64 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 360 | 380 | 420 | 50°  ± 1° | 51°  ± 1° | 51°  ± 1° |
2.46 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 340 | 360 | 380 | 41°  ± 1° | 42°  ± 2° | 41°  ± 1° |
4.92 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 280 | 300 | 360 | 39°  ± 1° | 42°  ± 1° | 41°  ± 1° |
6.56 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 280 | 300 | 360 | 39°  ± 1° | 42°  ± 1° | 42°  ± 1° |
8.20 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 280 | 300 | 360 | 39°  ± 1° | 42°  ± 1° | 42°  ± 1° |
