Figure 4
Stability in philanthropy. (a) For 2010, we plot the fraction of grants that overlap in future years for the NSF (solid lines) and philanthropy (dotted lines). While NSF funding has greater overlap over shorter periods of 2–3 years, philanthropy has higher longer-term repeated giving. (b) The likelihood that a funder will continue supporting a recipient as a function of the number of years of prior support. Grant relationships tend to become increasingly entrenched over time as longer relationships are more likely to continue than shorter ones. (c) The fraction of stable grants (continuing for 7 + prior years) versus the grant amount in 2019. The increasing trend suggests that larger donors are more likely to have a stable relationship with their recipients. (d) The distribution of grant amounts for grants that do not repeat, the prior year of a repeating grant, and the current year of a repeating grant. The fraction of dollars given within the state for donors in each state. (e) The median amount of a grant this year as a function of the number of prior years the grant relationship has existed. (f) The median change in grant amount as a function of the number of prior years of the grant relationship.
