Figure 4

BCAAs metabolic reprogramming in DEN and CCl₄-induced HCC mouse model. (A) Top pathways from GSEA (KEGG pathway analysis) of DEPs. Blue bars represent downward pathways and red bars represent upward pathways, P.adj < 0.05. (B) Heatmap of valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathway expression in liver tissue samples from control mice (C, green) and tumor tissue samples from model mice (T, red). (C) Heatmap of valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathway expression in non-tumor (N, green) and tumor tissues (T, red) of three proteomic subtypes of Jiang et al.’s HCC cohort, S-I (n = 36), S-II (n = 31) and S-III (n = 31). R software (version 4.2.1) was used to create heatmaps.