Table 1 Characteristics of participants with/without insomnia (n = 546).

Demographic questionnaire

 Age(years)

19.61 ± 1.33

19.50 ± 1.27

19.75 ± 1.38

0.030*

 Gender (%)

0.715

  Male

364 (66.7)

198 (36.3)

166 (30.4)

  Female

182 (33.3)

102 (18.7)

80 (14.7)

 Orientation (%)

0.235

  Heterosexual

495 (90.7)

276 (50.5)

219 (40.1)

  Other

51 (9.3)

24 (4.4)

27 (4.9)

 Race (%)

0.150

  White/Caucasian

407 (74.5)

232 (42.5)

175 (32.1)

  Black/African American

22 (4.0)

13 (2.4)

9 (1.6)

  Native American/Alaska Native

11 (2.0)

6 (1.1)

5 (0.9)

  Multiracial

28 (5.1)

9 (1.6)

19 (3.5)

  Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander

1 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

0 (0.0)

  Asian American

77 (14.1)

39 (7.1)

38 (7.0)

 Ethnicity (%)

0.144

  Non- Hispanic

364 (66.7)

208 (38.1)

156 (28.6)

  Hispanic

182 (33.3)

92 (16.8)

90 (16.5)

 Education (%)

0.604

  College or more

26 (4.8)

13 (2.4)

13 (2.4)

  High school or less

520 (95.2)

287 (52.6)

233 (42.7)

 Income (%)

0.177

  < 25,000 dollars

345 (63.2)

185 (33.9)

160 (29.3)

  25,000–200000dollars

44 (8.1)

25 (4.6)

19 (3.5)

  > 200000dollars

13 (2.4)

11 (2.0)

2 (0.4)

  No report

144 (26.4)

79 (14.5)

65 (11.9)

 Behavior characteristics

  Drink alcohol (%)

0.081

  No

233 (42.7)

118 (21.6)

115 (21.1)

  Yes

313 (57.3)

182 (33.3)

131 (24.0)

 Drink caffeinated products (%)

0.727

  No

56 (10.3)

32 (5.9)

24 (4.4)

  Yes

490 (89.7)

268 (49.1)

222 (40.7)

 Use marijuana/cannabis (%)

0.692

  No

404 (74.0)

224 (41.0)

180 (33.0)

  Yes

142 (26.0)

76 (13.9)

66 (12.1)

 Current smoking (%)

0.183

  No

465 (85.2)

261 (47.8)

204 (37.4)

  Yes

81 (14.8)

39 (7.1)

42 (7.7)

 DDNSI scores

4.77 ± 5.85

3.63 ± 4.80

6.15 ± 6.68

 < 0.001***

 CESD scores

17.77 ± 10.73

13.67 ± 8.76

22.76 ± 10.80

 < 0.001***

 C-SSRS scores

0.48 ± 1.01

0.29 ± 0.74

0.71 ± 1.23

 < 0.001***