Figure 3

Image processing of nsWHcs and information gain for EP-CMR interventions. Upper row: During pre-intervention CMR imaging, nsWHcs image data were acquired with subsequent automated segmentation of the cardiac cavities in order to ensure low latency image reconstruction. The automatic segmentation results were checked and manually extended if needed to improve anatomical orientation for the interventionalist/electrophysiologist. The final set of 3D mesh models was employed for 3D EP-CMR interventional guidance. Bottom row: During EP-CMR intervention, 3D endoluminal surface mesh models derived from nsWHcs ensured precise catheter navigation and could be combined with any multiplanar reformatted geometry for visualization of surrounding tissue (e.g. predefined cavo-tricuspid isthmus line), fused with any other imaging sequence (e.g. edema imaging), and overlaid with any additional catheter-related information at the tip position (e.g. activation time measurements). Thus, nsWHcs can be considered the core imaging component of 3D EP-CMR interventional procedures.