Table 4 Blood biomarkers in exclusive regular heated tobacco users and control group.

	Study group		Mean	SD	SE	Median	Min	Max	p
		n	Mean	SD	SE	Median	Min	Max	p
IL-1β [pg/ml]	He	33	1.95	1.11	0.19	1.56	0.59	5.43	0.9*
IL-1β [pg/ml]	C	48	2.07	1.34	0.19	1.73	0.29	7.83	0.9*
IL-6 [pg/ml]	He	33	2.96	1.18	0.21	2.78	0.97	6.63	0.4*
IL-6 [pg/ml]	C	48	3.57	3.03	0.44	3.11	1.03	21.9	0.4*
IL-8 [pg/ml]	He	33	7.76	19.06	3.32	4.39	2.33	113.76	0.01*
IL-8 [pg/ml]	C	48	3.95	0.90	0.13	3.82	2.28	6.66	0.01*
IL-10 [pg/ml]	He	33	2.05	0.86	0.15	2.02	0.91	4.51	0.6*
IL-10 [pg/ml]	C	48	2.29	1.21	0.17	1.91	0.66	5.20	0.6*
IL-12p70 [pg/ml]	He	33	17.77	12.5	2.18	14.53	0.00	49.76	0.2*
IL-12p70 [pg/ml]	C	48	13.41	7.72	1.11	12.53	0.55	33.93	0.2*
TNF-α [pg/ml]	He	33	12.78	2.73	0.48	12.33	7.73	18.44	0.5*
TNF-α [pg/ml]	C	48	13.57	3.84	0.55	13.23	6.79	26.91	0.5*
CRP [mg/l]	He	33	8.22	16.67	2.90	1.96	0.00	89.00	0.1*
CRP [mg/l]	C	48	17.77	59.19	8.54	4.21	0.00	404.03	0.1*
Fibrinogen [mg/dl]	He	33	161.80	88.97	15.49	124.89	83.47	358.51	0.2*
Fibrinogen [mg/dl]	C	48	195.64	99.65	14.38	137.28	86.69	387.80	0.2*
VCAM-1 [ng/ml]	He	33	902.31	215.96	37.59	906.31	496.65	1384.20	0.3**
VCAM-1 [ng/ml]	C	48	959.28	265.51	38.32	920.52	460.61	1482.51	0.3**
ICAM-1 [ng/ml]	He	33	366.67	358.52	62.41	248.84	98.25	1743.55	0.9*
ICAM-1 [ng/ml]	C	48	424.29	485.77	70.11	236.11	27.48	1999.79	0.9*

SD standard deviation, SE standard error, Min minimum, Max maximum, He exclusive heated tobacco users, C controls.
*U Mann–Whitney test; **Student’s t-test.
Significant values are in bold.

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