Table 1 Baseline characteristics before and after propensity score-based matching.
Before matching | After matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAE | Open surgery | SMD | SAE | Open surgery | SMD | |
Patients | 1,634 | 558 | 377 | 377 | ||
Sex, female, n (%) | 470 (28.8) | 123 (22.0) | 0.155 | 80 (21.3) | 93 (24.8) | 0.081 |
Age, in years, (SD) | 42 (23) | 42 (22) | 0.033 | 43 (23) | 42 (22) | 0.040 |
Vital signs at hospital arrival | ||||||
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, (SD) | 114 (29) | 102 (32) | 0.380 | 102 (30) | 105 (32) | 0.074 |
Heart rate, beats/min, (SD) | 95 (25) | 99 (27) | 0.160 | 100 (26) | 98 (26) | 0.066 |
Body temperature, °C, (SD) | 36.3 (0.9) | 36.0 (1.1) | 0.297 | 36.0 (1.1) | 36.1 (1.0) | 0.061 |
GCS, median [IQR] | 15 [14–15] | 14 [12–15] | 0.298 | 14 [12–15] | 14 [13–15] | 0.110 |
Medical history, n (%) | ||||||
Coronary heart disease | 33 (2.0) | 9 (1.6) | 0.030 | 7 (1.8) | 6 (1.6) | 0.019 |
Congestive heart failure | 15 (0.9) | 6 (1.1) | 0.016 | 5 (1.2) | 3 (0.8) | 0.044 |
Hypertension | 171 (10.5) | 54 (9.7) | 0.026 | 33 (8.7) | 34 (8.9) | 0.01 |
Stroke | 33 (2.0) | 11 (2.0) | 0.003 | 7 (1.8) | 5 (1.3) | 0.042 |
Dementia | 20 (1.2) | 9 (1.6) | 0.033 | 7 (1.9) | 5 (1.3) | 0.046 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 12 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | 0.082 | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 0.017 |
Peptic ulcer | 13 (0.8) | 6 (1.1) | 0.029 | 3 (0.9) | 4 (1.1) | 0.02 |
Liver cirrhosis | 15 (0.9) | 10 (1.8) | 0.076 | 6 (1.6) | 4 (1.1) | 0.046 |
Diabetes mellitus | 89 (5.4) | 34 (6.1) | 0.028 | 25 (6.6) | 23 (6.0) | 0.022 |
Chronic renal failure | 19 (1.2) | 3 (0.5) | 0.068 | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.5) | 0.044 |
Malignancy | 16 (1.0) | 6 (1.1) | 0.010 | 2 (0.6) | 2 (0.5) | 0.011 |
Hematological disease | 2 (0.1) | 3 (0.5) | 0.072 | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | 0.042 |
Human immunodeficiency virus | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.035 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
AIS code for splenic injury, n (%) | ||||||
NFS(544,299.2) | 68 (4.2) | 18 (3.2) | 0.05 | 16 (4.3) | 15 (4.1) | 0.011 |
Contusion | ||||||
NFS (544,210.2) | 44 (2.7) | 7 (1.3) | 0.104 | 5 (1.4) | 6 (1.6) | 0.018 |
Minor, superficial; OIS I, II (544,212.2) | 172 (10.5) | 28 (5.0) | 0.207 | 21 (5.5) | 25 (6.6) | 0.048 |
Major; OIS III (544,214.3) | 174 (10.6) | 30 (5.4) | 0.195 | 25 (6.5) | 29 (7.6) | 0.043 |
Laceration | ||||||
NFS (544,220.2) | 23 (1.4) | 9 (1.6) | 0.017 | 7 (1.8) | 6 (1.6) | 0.016 |
Minor, superficial; OIS I, II (544,222.2) | 98 (6.0) | 37 (6.6) | 0.026 | 29 (7.8) | 29 (7.7) | 0.005 |
Moderate; OIS III (544,224.3) | 630 (38.6) | 136 (24.4) | 0.309 | 92 (24.3) | 113 (29.9) | 0.125 |
Major; OIS IV (544,226.4) | 352 (21.5) | 198 (35.5) | 0.313 | 140 (37.1) | 124 (32.9) | 0.087 |
Massive; OIS V (544,228.5) | 42 (2.6) | 63 (11.3) | 0.349 | 25 (6.7) | 18 (4.7) | 0.089 |
Rupture | ||||||
NFS (544,240.3) | 43 (2.6) | 35 (6.3) | 0.177 | 20 (5.3) | 15 (4.1) | 0.056 |
Injury Severity Score*, median [IQR] | 22 [13–34] | 25 [16–36] | 0.246 | 27 [17–36] | 25 [16–36] | 0.130 |
AIS body region, median score [IQR] | ||||||
AIS 1: head | 0 [0–1] | 0 [0–1] | 0.075 | 0 [0–2] | 0 [0–1] | 0.032 |
AIS 2: face | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.008 | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.013 |
AIS 3: neck | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.090 | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.001 |
AIS 4: thorax | 3 [0–4] | 3 [0–4] | 0.091 | 3 [0–4] | 3 [0–4] | 0.041 |
AIS 5: abdomen* | 3 [3–3] | 3 [3–4] | 0.466 | 3 [3–4] | 3 [3–4] | 0.094 |
AIS 6: spine | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.030 | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.025 |
AIS 7: upper extremity | 0 [0–1] | 0 [0–1] | 0.064 | 0 [0–1] | 0 [0–1] | 0.02 |
AIS 8: lower extremity | 0 [0–2] | 0 [0–2] | 0.089 | 0 [0–2] | 0 [0–2] | 0.005 |
AIS 9: unspecified | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.046 | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.027 |
