Table 3 Risk of CAP among children with VSD, according to HF and OP (after 12 months, index date = birth date).

From: Population-based retrospective cohort study on community-acquired pneumonia hospitalization in children with a ventricular septal defect

 

No. of Pneumonia admission cases/No of Accumulated person-years X 1000 (incidence rate/1000 person-years)

Absolute rate difference/10,000person-years (95% CI)

Hazard ratio P value** (95% CI)*

Total

No. of pneumonia cases

Incidence rate/1000 person-years

Control

940,000

20,109

29.6

Ref

< 0.001

VSD with no HF

8887

2043

 

0.02(0.01–0.03)

1.08(1.03–1.13)

VSD with HF

513

147

 

0.07(0.04–0.11)

1.42(1.20–1.68)

 

No. of Pneumonia admission cases/No of Accumulated person-years X 1000 (incidence rate/1000 person-years)

Absolute rate difference/10,000 person-years (95% CI)

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)*

P value**

Matched VSD non-OP

VSD-OP

Total

No. of pneumonia cases

Incidence rate/1000 person-years

Total

No. of pneumonia cases

Incidence rate/1000 person-years

Heart OP

Before

9137

181

67.3

263

12

0.1

0.03(0.01–0.04)

2.85(1.44–5.67)

0.003

After

9137

53.2

36.2

263

56

28.7

0.00(− 0.05–0.05)

1.00(0.75–1.33)

 
  1. HF heart failure, OP operation, CAP community acquired pneumonia, VSD ventricle septal defect, CI confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
  2. * Cox models were adjusted for sex, birth weight, calendar year at birth date, birth residence, and income quintile. The first year of follow-up was excluded for all analyses.
  3. ** P-value was derived from interaction test by incorporating an interaction term to the Cox model.
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