Table 4 Risk of asthma among children with VSD compared with matched non-VSD children after 24 months (index date = birth date).
No. of asthma cases/No of Accumulated person-years X 1000 (incidence rate/1000 person-years) | Absolute rate difference/10,000 person-years(95% CI) | Hazard Ratio(95% CI)* | Interaction P value** | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | VSD | ||||||||
Total | No. of asthma cases | Incidence rate/1000 person-years | Total | No. of asthma cases | Incidence rate/1000 person-years | ||||
All | 94,000 | 9820 | 134.2 | 9400 | 1010 | 140.5 | 6.25(− 2.81–15.31) | 1.05(0.99–1.13) | NA |
All*** | 85,260 | 9254 | 14.0 | 8526 | 940 | 14.4 | 0.42(− 0.55–1.38) | 1.03(0.96–1.10) | NA |
Sex | |||||||||
Female | 45,843 | 4361 | 121.2 | 5052 | 500 | 128.2 | 6.97(− 4.83–18.77) | 1.06(0.96–1.16) | 0.922 |
Male | 48,157 | 5459 | 146.8 | 4348 | 510 | 155.0 | 8.23(− 5.78–22.23) | 1.05(0.96–1.16) | |
Birth weight, mean (SD), kg | |||||||||
< median (value = 3.2) | 36,720 | 4032 | 142.3 | 4150 | 449 | 142.5 | 0.21(− 13.68–14.11) | 1.03(0.94–1.14) | 0.565 |
≥ median | 51,038 | 5411 | 136.6 | 4773 | 521 | 142.0 | 5.36(− 7.37–18.08) | 1.07(0.98–1.18) | |
Period since birth date, year | |||||||||
1–5 | 9579 | 9523 | 3794.0 | 997 | 987 | 3796.2 | 2.13(− 246.66–250.92) | 1.01(0.95–1.08) | 0.403 |
≥ 5 | 84,338 | 297 | 4.2 | 8375 | 23 | 3.3 | − 0.89(− 2.32–0.55) | 0.88(0.57–1.36) | |
Calendar year at birth date, No. (%) | |||||||||
2008–2009 | 36,741 | 5196 | 158.3 | 3377 | 487 | 162.9 | 4.61(10.49–19.70) | 1.02(0.93–1.13) | 0.382 |
2010–2012 | 57,259 | 4624 | 114.7 | 6023 | 523 | 124.5 | 9.87(1.30–21.04) | 1.09(0.99–1.19) | |
Residence | |||||||||
Seoul/Metropolitan | 42,321 | 4262 | 127.8 | 4452 | 473 | 138.3 | 10.55(− 2.49–23.59) | 1.10(1.00–1.21) | 0.430 |
City | 43,047 | 4667 | 141.3 | 4173 | 452 | 142.6 | 1.29(− 12.46–15.05) | 1.01(0.91–1.12) | |
Rural | 7557 | 801 | 135.3 | 689 | 76 | 143.4 | 8.09(− 25.48–41.67) | 1.07(0.83–1.38) | |
Income level | |||||||||
Lowest 20% | 10,170 | 1077 | 136.2 | 987 | 107 | 140.8 | 4.63(− 23.26–32.52) | 1.02(0.83–1.25) | 0.409 |
Middle | 55,868 | 5983 | 137.5 | 5611 | 622 | 145.0 | 7.48(− 4.44–19.40) | 1.04(0.95–1.13) | |
Top 20% | 24,106 | 2364 | 125.9 | 2457 | 258 | 137.2 | 11.36(− 6.14–28.85) | 1.11(0.98–1.27) | |
No. of admission during the second year after study entry, No. (%) | |||||||||
0 time | 60,673 | 5647 | 118.1 | 4866 | 451 | 118.7 | 0.62(–10.76–12.00) | 1.00(0.90–1.10) | 0.574 |
≥ 1 times | 33,327 | 4173 | 164.7 | 4534 | 559 | 164.9 | 0.22(− 14.34–14.77) | 1.04(0.95–1.14) | |
No. of outpatient visit during the second year after study entry, No. (%) | |||||||||
< Median(= 56) | 47,720 | 3926 | 102.1 | 4097 | 334 | 102.5 | 0.32(− 11.12–11.76) | 0.99(0.88–1.11) | 0.519 |
≥ Median(= 56) | 46,280 | 5894 | 169.8 | 5303 | 676 | 172.0 | 2.25(− 11.42–15.92) | 1.04(0.96–1.13) | |
No. of admission with wheezing during the second year after study entry, No. (%) | |||||||||
0 time | 76,938 | 7346 | 121.4 | 7129 | 712 | 128.8 | 7.37(− 2.49–17.23) | 1.07(0.98–1.15) | 0.105 |
≥ 1 times | 17,062 | 2474 | 195.7 | 2271 | 298 | 178.4 | − 17.29(− 38.96–4.39) | 0.95(0.83–1.07) | |
No. of admission in ICU during the second year after study entry, No. (%) | |||||||||
0 time | 93,731 | 9786 | 134.1 | 8055 | 866 | 140.1 | 6.04(− 3.67–15.74) | 1.05(0.98–1.13) | 0.365 |
≥ 1 times | 269 | 34 | 188.9 | 1345 | 144 | 142.6 | − 46.32(− 113.94–21.31) | 0.92(0.61–1.38) | |
Comorbidity-AR | |||||||||
No | 65,635 | 5436 | 104.56 | 6426 | 539 | 107.58 | 3.03(− 6.47–12.53) | 1.06(0.96–1.16) | 0.549 |
Yes | 28,365 | 484 | 207.09 | 2974 | 471 | 216.06 | 8.97(− 11.48–29.42) | 1.01(0.92–1.12) | |
Comorbidity-AD | |||||||||
No | 85,911 | 8620 | 128.87 | 8611 | 888 | 134.95 | 6.09(− 3.20–15.37) | 1.03(0.96–1.10) | 0.758 |
Yes | 8089 | 1200 | 191.39 | 789 | 122 | 200 | 8.61(− 28.49–45.72) | 1.06(0.88–1.29) | |
