Table 2 Chemical composition of A. calamus, C. carvi, and C. flexuosus EOs.
Compound | Molecular formula | RI | Area (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. calamus | C. carvi | C. flexuosus | |||
α-Tricyclene | C10H16 | 926 | – | – | 0.32 |
α-Pinene | C10H16 | 943 | – | – | 0.50 |
Camphene | C10H16 | 952 | – | – | 2.83 |
Isolimonene | C10H16 | 983 | – | – | 0.89 |
d-Limonene | C10H16 | 1031 | – | 29.58 | 1.32 |
α-Ocimene | C10H16 | 1039 | – | – | 0.37 |
β-Ocimene | C10H16 | 1048 | – | – | 0.35 |
4-Nonanone | C9H18O | 1030 | – | – | 2.22 |
Linalool | C10H18O | 1082 | – | 2.58 | |
Limonene oxide | C10H16O | 1131 | – | 0.94 | – |
Isoneral | C10H16O | 1165 | – | 0.99 | |
Endo-Borneol | C10H18O | 1172 | – | - | 0.29 |
Estragole | C10H12O | 1196 | – | 0.37 | – |
p-menth-8-en-2-one | C10H16O | 1208 | – | 3.01 | – |
cis-Carveol | C10H16O | 1225 | – | 1.28 | – |
Neral | C10H16O | 1238 | – | - | 27.36 |
Geraniol | C10H18O | 1239 | – | – | 4.06 |
Citral | C10H16O | 1240 | – | – | 29.62 |
d-Carvone | C10H14O | 1242 | – | 62.09 | - |
Thiogeraniol | C10H18S | 1255 | – | – | 3.21 |
Neryl formate | C11H18O2 | 1266 | – | – | 0.41 |
Carvone oxide | C10H14O2 | 1279 | – | 0.36 | – |
Limonene-1,2-diol | C10H18O2 | 1342 | – | 1.24 | – |
Neric acid | C10H16O2 | 1347 | – | – | 1.00 |
Eugenol | C10H12O2 | 1356 | – | – | 1.12 |
Piperitenone oxide | C10H14O2 | 1366 | – | 0.57 | – |
Geranyl acetate | C12H20O2 | 1383 | – | – | 5.95 |
β-Elemene | C15H24 | 1384 | 0.24 | – | 0.55 |
Cis-α-bergamotene | C15H24 | 1415 | – | – | 0.34 |
Caryophyllene | C15H24 | 1421 | – | – | 2.84 |
trans-Chrysanthemal | C10H16O | 1451 | – | – | 0.43 |
Aristolene | C15H24 | 1472 | 0.24 | – | – |
γ-Muurolene | C15H24 | 1474 | – | – | 4.38 |
β-Ionone | C13H20O | 1485 | – | – | 0.31 |
Viridifloren | C15H26O | 1493 | 0.29 | – | – |
α-Muurolene | C15H24 | 1499 | 0.21 | – | – |
Germacrene D | C15H24 | 1500 | – | – | 0.24 |
(Z)-Methyl isoeugenol | C11H14O2 | 1501 | 2.16 | – | – |
Isoshyobunone | C15H24O | 1518 | 1.24 | – | – |
β-Cadinene | C15H24 | 1519 | 0.61 | – | – |
Kessane | C15H26O | 1536 | 0.24 | – | – |
α-Cadinene | C15H24 | 1538 | – | – | 0.32 |
γ-Bisabolene | C15H24 | 1541 | – | – | 0.93 |
β-Calacorene | C15H20 | 1563 | 3.01 | – | – |
Geraniol butyrate | C14H24O2 | 1565 | – | – | 0.69 |
γ-Asarone | C12H16O3 | 1578 | 3.22 | – | – |
Caryophyllene oxide | C15H24O | 1581 | – | – | 1.19 |
β-Asarone | C12H16O3 | 1583 | 69.11 | – | – |
Asaraldehyde | C10H12O4 | 1620 | 1.54 | – | – |
tau-Muurolol | C15H26O | 1640 | 0.44 | – | – |
Dehydroxy-isocalamendiol | C15H24O | 1645 | 1.74 | – | – |
α-Asarone | C12H16O3 | 1703 | 11.02 | – | – |
Isocalamenediol | C15H26O2 | 1760 | 2.06 | – | – |
Tatarinoid B | C12H16O | 1847 | 0.54 | – | – |
Callitrisin | C15H20O2 | 1957 | 0.16 | - | - |
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | – | 29.58 | 6.58 | ||
Oxygenated monoterpenes | 1.54 | 69.86 | 67.45 | ||
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 4.31 | – | 9.6 | ||
Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes | 6.17 | – | 1.19 | ||
Other | – | – | 12.79 | ||
Total identified (%) | 98.07 | 99.44 | 97.61 | ||
Yield (v/w) | 0.9 | 1.1 | 2.3 | ||
