Table 5 Comparisons of the change of foraminal height by posture between male and female subjects.

From: Gender differences in spinal mobility during postural changes: a detailed analysis using upright CT

Variables

Standing

Sitting

Delta value

P-value

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

p1

p2

p3

L1/2 (mm)

Young

17.0 (16.8, 17.6)

16.9 (16.0, 17.5)

18.1 (17.8, 19.1)

17.4 (16.5, 18.3)

1.2 (0.8, 1.5)

0.7 (0.1, 1.4)

0.27

0.08

0.15

Elderly

15.8 (14.5, 17.2)

15.9 (14.5, 16.8)

17.1 (15.0, 18.8)

17.0 (16.4, 17.7)

0.2 (0, 1.3)

1.6 (0.9, 1.9)

0.5

1

0.12

Whole

16.8 (15.7, 17.6)

16.2 (15.3, 17.4)

17.9 (16.9, 19.1)

17.1 (16.4, 18.1)

1.0 (0.2, 1.5)

1.3 (0.1, 1.7)

0.52

  

L2/3 (mm)

Young

16.9 (16.8, 18.0)

16.9 (16.3, 18.4)

19.8 (18.9, 20.2)

19.3 (18.4, 20.0)

2.0 (1.8, 2.7)

2.3 (1.3, 2.7)

0.33

0.16

0.82

Elderly

16.5 (15.4, 18.5)

16.5 (15.7, 17.0)

18.3 (15.8, 20.0)

18.1 (16.9, 19.0)

0.7 (− 0.4, 1.8)

1.3 (0.7, 2.2)

0.34

0.35

0.21

Whole

16.9 (16.1, 18.4)

16.5 (16.1, 17.5)

19.6 (18.1, 20.2)

18.6 (17.9, 19.5)

1.8 (0.8, 2.3)

1.8 (0.8, 2.5)

0.42

0.16

0.6

L3/4 (mm)

Young

17.5 (16.4, 17.9)

16.4 (15.7, 17.4)

19.9 (18.5, 20.2)

19.2 (19.0, 19.8)

2.8 (2.1, 3.2)

3.1 (1.9, 3.6)

0.16

0.26

0.69

Elderly

16.3 (14.8, 17.9)

16.0 (15.9, 17.1)

17.8 (15.4, 20.4)

19.1 (17.0, 19.4)

0.7 (0.2, 2.2)

2.1 (0.7, 3.0)

0.38

0.33

0.18

Whole

16.9 (15.7, 17.9)

16.3 (15.9, 17.3)

19.2 (17.2, 20.4)

19.2 (18.2, 19.6)

2.2 (0.8, 3.1)

2.6 (0.9, 3.6)

0.43

0.78

0.33

L4/5 (mm)

Young

17.3 (16.7, 17.7)

16.0 (15.6, 16.4)

20.2 (17.8, 20.8)

19.2 (18.6, 20.1)

3.2 (2.9, 3.5)

3.1 (2.5, 3.7)

0.02*

0.31

0.93

Elderly

14.5 (13.2, 16.7)

14.9 (14.7, 16.4)

16.2 (14.0, 17.1)

18.5 (16.1, 18.9)

0.4 (− 0.1, 1.3)

1.8 (1.1, 2.3)

0.16

0.05

0.04*

Whole

16.7 (14.0, 17.4)

15.9 (14.8, 16.4)

17.7 (16.4, 20.2)

18.7 (17.0, 19.5)

2.2 (0.4, 3.2)

2.3 (1.6, 3.2)

0.42

0.6

0.28

L5/S (mm)

Young

15.8 (15.0, 17.5)

15.7 (15.2, 16.1)

17.4 (16.1, 19.1)

17.3 (16.1, 18.2

1.4 (0.8, 2.3)

1.1 (0.6, 2.0)

0.35

0.29

0.34

Elderly

13.1 (12.4, 14.2)

13.8 (13.4, 14.8)

13.6 (13.2, 14.6)

15.2 (14.6, 16.5)

0.6 (− 0.1, 1.4)

1.2 (1.0, 1.6)

0.08

0.02*

0.08

Whole

14.6 (13.1, 15.8)

15.0 (13.8, 15.8)

15.5 (13.7, 17.4)

16.1 (15.1, 17.3)

1.0 (0.6, 1.7)

1.2 (0.7, 1.9)

0.65

0.5

0.48

  1. Median. 1st–3rd quartile in parentheses. *Indicates statistically significant. P1 indicates the comparisons of the values between males and females during standing. P2 indicates the comparisons of the values between males and females during sitting. P3 indicates the comparisons between the delta value of males and females.
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