Figure 1

(a) Experiment setup including two channels of bbNIRS on the lateral forehead and EEG cap. (b) The experimental protocol of this study; it consists of 5 visits with 7-min eyes-closed pre-stimulation at rest, followed by 8 min of randomized tPBM or sham stimulation on the left forehead (L800), right forehead (R800), left sham (LS), or right sham (RS) in four of the five visits, and 7-min post-stimulation. (c) Schematic diagram illustrating an EEG and 2-bbNIRS setup; the latter consists of a light source for 2 channels of bbNIRS, two separate spectrometers, and optical connections. The 2-bbNIRS and EEG data were concurrently collected pre- and post-stimulation. (d) Locations of the tPBM/sham stimulation delivered on the left (red circle) or right (blue circle) forehead. The bbNIRS holder and EEG channel Fp1 or Fp2 were removed during the left or right tPBM stimulation.