Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Tackling new psychoactive substances through metabolomics: UHPLC-HRMS study on natural and synthetic opioids in male and female murine models

Figure 1

Effect of the systemic administration of morphine (30 mg/kg i.p.) and fentanyl (6 mg/kg i.p.) on the tail pinch test (A), tail withdrawal (B), respiratory rate (C) of the mouse. Overall mean effects of both opioids on mechanical (5 h mean effect) and thermal (5 h mean effect) analgesia and respiratory rate (2 h mean effect) were also reported (D). Data are expressed as percentage of maximum effect (see “Materials and methods”) and represent the mean ± SEM of eight determinations for each treatment. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni’s test for multiple comparisons. *p < 0.05, versus vehicle.

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