Table 3 Subgroup analysis by gender of the estimated effect of natural hazard exposure patterns on anxiety and depression scores.

From: Longitudinal patterns of natural hazard exposures and anxiety and depression symptoms among young adults in four low- and middle-income countries

Exposure

Ethiopia

India

Peru

Vietnam

Estimate

95% CI

p-value

Estimate

95% CI

p-value

Estimate

95% CI

p-value

Estimate

95% CI

p-value

Girls—GAD-7 scores

 Time point 1

− 1.84

− 4.27, 0.59

0.137

− 0.41

− 1.74, 0.92

0.544

1.23

− 1.12, 3.58

0.306

− 0.48

− 4.75, 3.79

0.825

 Time point 2

− 1.73

− 3.78, 0.32

0.100

− 0.24

− 0.58, 0.11

0.176

0.15

− 0.95, 1.24

0.795

− 1.20

− 22.99, 20.60

0.914

 Both time points

− 8.86

− 17.04, − 0.68

0.034

0.19

− 1.07, 1.45

0.768

0.59

− 1.53, 2.72

0.584

1.34

− 2.26, 4.94

0.465

Girls—PHQ-8 scores

 Time point 1

− 1.02

− 3.53, 1.49

0.427

− 0.06

− 1.07, 0.95

0.907

0.57

− 1.25, 2.40

0.539

− 0.41

− 3.61, 2.80

0.803

 Time point 2

− 0.82

− 2.79, 1.14

0.412

− 0.23

− 0.47, 0.02

0.071

− 0.35

− 1.47, 0.78

0.543

− 1.92

− 9.92, 6.08

0.638

 Both time points

− 7.63

− 19.44, 4.19

0.206

− 0.35

− 1.60, 0.90

0.586

0.45

− 1.31, 2.20

0.619

1.47

− 0.83, 3.78

0.211

Exposure

Ethiopia

India

Peru

Vietnam

Estimate

95% CI

p-value

Estimate

95% CI

p-value

Estimate

95% CI

p-value

Estimate

95% CI

p-value

Boys—GAD-7 scores

 Time point 1

− 0.25

− 2.84, 2.33

0.848

− 0.02

− 1.01, 0.98

0.975

2.68

− 1.67, 7.03

0.227

0.68

− 1.52, 2.88

0.545

 Time point 2

− 0.93

− 2.99, 1.12

0.372

0.00

− 0.14, 0.15

0.960

2.21

− 1.66, 6.07

0.263

0.70

− 2.85, 4.25

0.697

 Both time points

− 7.16

− 16.36, 2.05

0.128

− 0.10

− 0.85, 0.65

0.785

2.82

− 1.32, 6.96

0.182

− 0.11

− 3.39, 3.18

0.950

Boys—PHQ-8 scores

 Time point 1

0.40

− 2.44, 3.24

0.781

− 0.39

− 1.13, 0.34

0.296

2.55

− 2.51, 7.61

0.324

0.13

− 1.68, 1.94

0.887

 Time point 2

− 0.41

− 2.02, 1.21

0.623

0.00

− 0.31, 0.32

0.981

1.75

− 3.03, 6.53

0.473

0.76

− 4.89, 6.42

0.791

 Both time points

− 4.99

− 19.68, 9.71

0.506

− 0.21

− 1.03, 0.60

0.611

2.60

− 2.55, 7.74

0.322

− 0.29

− 2.29, 1.71

0.775

  1. CI = confidence intervals; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-7; PHQ-8 = Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale-8. Estimates and confidence intervals are rounded to two decimal places and p-values to three decimal places. Significant estimates under p-value < 0.05 are indicated in bold.