Table 1 Summary of the steps of all three occasions.

From: Potential interactive effect of positive expectancy violation and sleep on memory consolidation in dogs

Occasion 1 (Adaptation + pretest)

Occasion 2 and 3

24-trial baseline test (Hungarian commands and hand gestures)

Training session (two actions per occasion, in four blocks of min 10 trials*)

(permissive/controlling training style, in counterbalanced order)

18-trial test session (English commands)

(neutral style)

Sleep adaptation—EEG recording

(1.5 h—not analysed)

Sleep EEG recording (2 h)

18-trial retest session (English commands)

(neutral style)

  1. *Additional trials were conducted if the dog did not learn the task.
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