Table 1 Model parameters considered in this study.

From: A mathematical model for mapping the insecticide resistance trend in the Anopheles gambiae mosquito population under climate variability in Africa

Parameter (symbol)

Descriptions

Value

Source

\({B}_{E}\)

Number of eggs per oviposition

200

57

\({\theta }_{E}\)

Daily survival probability of eggs

0.9

57

\({\theta }_{L}\)

Daily survival probability of larvae

0.25

57

\({\theta }_{p}\)

Daily survival probability of pupae

0.75

57

\({R}_{L}\)

Rainfall limit

50 mm

57

\({k}_{1}\)

Constant

0.00554 (◦Cdays) − 1

57

\({k}_{2}\)

Constant

 − 0.06737(days) − 1

57

\(a\)

Constant

 − 0.3(◦C2days) − 1

57

\(b\)

Constant

1.31(◦Cdays) − 1

57

\(c\)

Constant

 − 4.4(days) − 1

57

\(\alpha\)

Offspring not inheriting the resistance rate becomes susceptible again

0.01

Calibrated1

\(\beta\)

The probability that a mosquito becomes resistant due to contact with an insecticide

1

Calibrated1

\(\gamma\)

The probability that a resistant mosquito produces non-resistant offspring

0.75

Calibrated1

\(\mu i\)

Represent the insecticides-induced mortality rate

0.01

Calibrated1

\(N\)

Total population

50

Calibrated1

  1. 1Calibrated parameters were determined through an iterative calibration process, adjusting within realistic ranges until the model’s outputs closely matched observed data on insecticide resistance.