Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis.
Number (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Left-sided IE (n = 365) | Right-sided IE (n = 41) | P-value | |
Age | 57.0 [44.0–68.0] | 49.0 [32.0–66.0] | 0.057 |
Men | 245 (67.1%) | 22 (53.7%) | 0.121 |
Definite infective endocarditisa | 288 (78.9%) | 26 (63.4%) | 0.040 |
Possible infective endocarditisa | 77 (21.1%) | 15 (36.6%) | 0.040 |
Nosocomial infection | 74 (20.3%) | 12 (29.3%) | 0.256 |
Type of infective endocarditis | |||
Native valve | 312 (85.5%) | 33 (80.5%) | 0.537 |
Prosthetic valve | 53 (14.5%) | 8 (19.5%) | 0.537 |
CIED | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (7.3%) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | |||
Previous valve surgery | 66 (18.1%) | 14 (34.1%) | 0.025 |
Implanted cardiac devicesb | 5 (1.4%) | 13 (31.7%) | < 0.001 |
Previous infective endocarditis | 17 (4.7%) | 2 (4.9%) | 1.000 |
Immunosuppressive therapy | 13 (3.6%) | 4 (9.8%) | 0.143 |
Chemotherapy within 30 days | 11 (3.0%) | 3 (7.3%) | 0.327 |
Antibiotic treatment within 30 days | 57 (15.6%) | 13 (31.7%) | 0.018 |
Central venous access | 21 (5.8%) | 7 (17.1%) | 0.017 |
Diabetes mellitus | 67 (18.4%) | 7 (17.1%) | 1.000 |
Congestive heart failure | 24 (6.6%) | 5 (12.2%) | 0.315 |
Renal disease | 36 (9.9%) | 5 (12.2%) | 0.844 |
Liver disease | 24 (6.6%) | 3 (7.3%) | 1.000 |
Hemodialysis | 21 (5.8%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0.600 |
Cancer | 45 (12.3%) | 8 (19.5%) | 0.294 |
Connective tissue disease | 12 (3.3%) | 1 (2.4%) | 1.000 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 2.0 [0.0–4.0] | 1.0 [0.0–6.0] | 0.515 |
Severity index | |||
SOFA score | 1.0 [1.0–3.0] | 1.0 [1.0–3.0] | 0.809 |
Affected valve | |||
Aortic valve | 172 (47.1%) | – | – |
Mitral valve | 251 (68.8%) | – | – |
Tricuspid valve | – | 26 (63.4%) | – |
Pulmonary valve | – | 15 (36.6%) | – |
Echocardiographic findings | |||
TTE performed | 360 (98.6%) | 39 (95.1%) | 0.316 |
TEE performed | 268 (73.4%) | 18 (43.9%) | < 0.001 |
Associated ventricular septal defect | 6 (1.6%) | 3 (7.3%) | 0.075 |
Large vegetation (> 2 cm) | 37 (10.1%) | 9 (22.0%) | 0.045 |
