Table 2 Fatty acids, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers of the patients at hospital admission.
From: The severity of COVID-19 upon hospital admission is associated with plasma omega-3 fatty acids
n | Mean (± SEM) | Median | Range (min–max) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Fatty acids (%) | ||||
C12:0 (lauric acid) | 180 | 0.10 (± 0.01) | 0.00 | 0.00–0.68 |
C14:0 (myristic acid) | 180 | 0.40 (± 0.01) | 0.39 | 0.00–0.98 |
C16:0 (palmitic acid) | 180 | 37.87 (± 0.24) | 37.97 | 20.62–47.22 |
16:1 n7(palmitoleic acid) | 180 | 1.06 (± 0.03) | 0.96 | 0.32–3.08 |
17:0 (heptadecanoic acid) | 180 | 0.36 (± 0.01) | 0.32 | 0.00–0.68 |
18:0 (stearic acid) | 180 | 27.65 (± 0.44) | 28.13 | 0.00–40.54 |
18:1 n9 (oleic acid) | 180 | 11.96 (± 0.25) | 11.23 | 1.47–24.20 |
18:2 n6 (linoleic acid) | 180 | 15.11 (± 0.39) | 14.95 | 0.00–29.81 |
18:3 n6 (γ-linolenic acid) | 180 | 0.10 (± 0.01) | 0.00 | 0.00–0.73 |
18:3 n3 (α-linolenic acid) | 180 | 0.15 (± 0.01) | 0.00 | 0.00–0.75 |
20:0 (arachidic acid) | 180 | 0.06 (± 0.01) | 0.00 | 0.00–0.43 |
20:2 n6 (eicosadienoic acid) | 180 | 0.06 (± 0.01) | 0.00 | 0.00–0.51 |
20:3 n6(dihomo-γ-linolenicacid) | 180 | 0.56 (± 0.02) | 0.54 | 0.00–1.68 |
20:4 n6 (arachidonic acid) | 180 | 3.79 (± 0.09) | 3.69 | 1.58–8.45 |
20:5 n3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) | 180 | 0.15 (± 0.02) | 0.10 | 0.00–1.19 |
22:6 n3 (docosahexaenoic acid) | 180 | 0.54 (± 0.02) | 0.51 | 0.00–1.43 |
SFA | 180 | 66.45 (± 0.62) | 67.08 | 39.29–85.27 |
MUFA | 180 | 13.01 (± 0.27) | 12.30 | 2.92–27.29 |
PUFA | 180 | 20.55 (± 0.44) | 20.34 | 3.33–36.78 |
Omega 3 FA | 180 | 0.93 (± 0.03) | 0.90 | 0.00–2.24 |
Omega 6 FA | 180 | 19.61 (± 0.43) | 19.28 | 2.95–35.82 |
n-3/n-6 FA ratio | 180 | 0.05 (± 0.003) | 0.05 | 0.00–0.32 |
(EPA + DHA)/AA ratio | 180 | 0.18 (± 0.01) | 0.17 | 0.00–0.56 |
EPA/AA ratio | 180 | 0.04 (± 0.004) | 0.03 | 0.00–0.22 |
Oxidative stress | ||||
MDA (µmol) | 180 | 4.78 (± 0.20) | 4.14 | 1.39–19.76 |
PGE2 (ng/mL) | 180 | 0.68 (± 0.06) | 0.47 | 0.00–8.02 |
15-HETE (ng/mL) | 180 | 3.16 (± 0.14) | 2.82 | 0.00–11.64 |
12-HETE (ng/mL) | 180 | 12.04 (± 6.47) | 1.34 | 0.00–870.78 |
5-HETE (ng/mL) | 180 | 2.02 (± 0.14) | 1.60 | 0.00–12.89 |
12,13-DiHOME (ng/mL) | 180 | 4.34 (± 0.29) | 3.70 | 0.00–25.86 |
9,10-DiHOME (ng/mL) | 180 | 1.96 (± 0.13) | 1.49 | 0.00–13.27 |
12,13-EpOME (ng/mL) | 180 | 13.78 (± 0.65) | 11.63 | 0.00–65.60 |
9,10-EpOME (ng/mL) | 180 | 31.57 (± 1.65) | 23.88 | 7.81–174.36 |
13-HODE (ng/mL) | 180 | 9.37 (± 0.47) | 7.22 | 2.10–46.53 |
14,15-EET (ng/mL) | 180 | 2.55 (± 0.14) | 2.02 | 0.00–12.94 |
11,12-EET (ng/mL) | 180 | 18.58 (± 1.22) | 14.42 | 2.92–178.33 |
5-series-F2-IsoP (ng/mL) | 180 | 6.41 (± 0.08) | 6.40 | 3.98–9.91 |
Cytokines | ||||
IL-1β (pg/mL) | 178 | 2.00 (± 0.24) | 0.94 | 0.01–23.56 |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 178 | 19.05 (± 2.80) | 4.53 | 0.19–276.00 |
TNFα (pg/mL) | 178 | 9.62 (± 0.64) | 7.29 | 0.86–54.84 |
