Table 3 Mean and standard deviation of the intercept and slope for summer (top) and winter (bottom) seasons of several fields for the MENA region (13° W–60° E, 15°–40° N).
From: Recent and projected changes in climate patterns in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region
Variable | Seasons | Intercept | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
Precipitable water | Summer | 23.437 ± 7.487 kg m−2 | 0.633 ± 0.484 kg m−2 year−1 |
Winter | 11.461 ± 4.272 kg m−2 | 0.248 ± 0.272 kg m−2 year−1 | |
Total cloud fraction | Summer | 14.853 ± 16.313% | 0.037 ± 0.119% year−1 |
Winter | 37.559 ± 22.726% | − 0.028 ± 0.171% year−1 | |
Low cloud fraction | Summer | 2.805 ± 6.198% | 0.00005 ± 0.034% year−1 |
Winter | 7.875 ± 6.277% | 0.066 ± 0.096% year−1 | |
Middle cloud fraction | Summer | 1.174 ± 2.505% | 0.002 ± 0.020% year−1 |
Winter | 5.809 ± 7.958% | − 0.010 ± 0.050% year−1 | |
High cloud fraction | Summer | 2.730 ± 7.056% | 0.017 ± 0.060% year−1 |
Winter | 1.527 ± 3.366% | 0.000 ± 0.000% year−1 | |
Daytime cloud fraction | Summer | 10.753 ± 18.259% | 0.008 ± 0.087% year−1 |
Winter | 30.524 ± 27.584% | 0.001 ± 0.092% year−1 | |
Nighttime cloud fraction | Summer | 14.170 ± 20.073% | 0.014 ± 0.126% year−1 |
Winter | 37.594 ± 26.991% | − 0.073 ± 0.182% year−1 | |
Cloud top temperature | Summer | 277.304 ± 10.882 K | 0.007 ± 0.225 K year−1 |
Winter | 268.803 ± 8.705 K | 0.154 ± 0.123 K year−1 | |
Downward SW radiation flux | Summer | 314.676 ± 20.204 W m−2 | − 0.326 ± 0.252 W m−2 year−1 |
Winter | 166.996 ± 53.016 W m−2 | 0.169 ± 0.367 W m−2 year−1 | |
Downward LW radiation flux | Summer | 391.378 ± 23.860 W m−2 | 0.337 ± 0.287 W m−2 year−1 |
Winter | 307.890 ± 29.411 W m−2 | − 0.013 ± 0.393 W m−2 year−1 | |
Air temperature | Summer | 302.401 ± 4.748 K | 0.044 ± 0.018 K year−1 |
Winter | 286.304 ± 5.938 K | 0.042 ± 0.020 K year−1 | |
Sea-level pressure | Summer | 1009.23 ± 4.890 hPa | − 0.016 ± 0.011 hPa year−1 |
Winter | 1016.79 ± 2.349 hPa | − 0.008 ± 0.011 hPa year−1 | |
Precipitation rate | Summer | 7.7 × 10−5 ± 0.001 mm h−1 | 4.4 × 10−8 ± 7.1 × 10−6 mm h−1 year−1 |
Winter | 0.0014 ± 0.005 mm h−1 | − 2.1 × 10−6 ± 4.3 × 10−5 mm h−1 year−1 | |
Dust optical depth | Summer | 0.232 ± 0.160 | 0.0006 ± 0.0012 year−1 |
Winter | 0.072 ± 0.068 | 0.0003 ± 0.0004 year−1 |
