Figure 2

Gait pattern of cluster one compared to TD gait. The mean of the separate segment/joint waveforms with one standard deviation is visualized in blue for cluster one and in gray for TD children. The blocks (in blue/gray) on the x-axis represent the relevant and significant differences in waveforms (i.e., relevant suprathreshold clusters) between both gait patterns that were identified during the GC by the two-tailed t-test (α = 0.004–0.017). The results are visualized on the condition that (1) the Hotelling’s T² test (α = 0.017) revealed significant differences on vector levels (sagittal, coronal and transversal kinematics, sagittal moments and powers) and (2) the results are clinically relevant, which was judged by the suprathreshold cluster’s duration being longer or equal to 3% of the GC and the differences in the segment/joint waveforms between both gait patterns exceeding the respective SEM, reported by Kainz et al.³⁸, for 80% or more of the suprathreshold cluster’s duration. Abbreviations in alphabetic order: Abd = abduction; Abs = absorption; Add = adduction; Ant = anterior; Down = downwards; Ext in sagittal kinematics/kinetics = extension; Ext in Transversal kinematics = external; Flex = flexion; GC = gait cycle; Gen = generation; Int = internal; Nm/kg = Newton meter per kilogram; Post = posterior; SEM = standard error of measurement; TD = typically developing; Up = upwards; W/kg = Watt per kilogram.