Figure 6
From: Gait classification for growing children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Gait patterns of clusters one, two and three. The mean of the separate segment/joint waveforms with one standard deviation is visualized in blue, yellow and red for cluster one, two and three, respectively. The blocks (in blue/yellow, yellow/red and blue/red gray for the comparison between clusters one and two, clusters two and three, and clusters one and three, respectively) on the x-axis represent the relevant and significant differences in waveforms (i.e., relevant suprathreshold clusters) among clusters that were identified during the GC by the two-tailed t-test (α = 0.003–0.017). The results are visualized on the condition that (1) the MANOVA (α = 0.05) and the Hotelling’s T2 test (α = 0.017) revealed significant differences on vector levels (sagittal, coronal and transversal kinematics, sagittal moments and powers) and (2) the results are clinically relevant, which was judged by the suprathreshold cluster's duration being longer or equal to 3% of the GC and the differences in the segment/joint waveforms between both gait patterns exceeding the respective SEM, reported by Kainz et al.38 and Wilken et al.46, for 80% or more of the suprathreshold cluster’s duration. Abbreviations in alphabetic order: Abd = abduction; Abs = absorption; Add = adduction; Ant = anterior; Down = downwards; Ext in sagittal kinematics/kinetics = extension; Ext in Transversal kinematics = external; Flex = flexion; GC = gait cycle; Gen = generation; Int = internal; Nm/kg = Newton meter per kilogram; Post = posterior; SEM = standard error of measurement; TD = typically developing; Up = upwards; W/kg = Watt per kilogram.
