Figure 6
Experimental and simulated water surface undulations for Q = 0.095 m3/s: (a) 3D view of the observed undulations in the straight upstream part and in the channel bend [WSPs along the walls around the first wave extrema locations are marked in red], (b) observed undulations and WSP along the inner wall in the channel bend around the second wave extrema locations, (c) 3D view of the simulated undulations in the straight upstream part and in the channel bend, and (d) 2D view of the simulated WSPs up to second wave extrema locations, i.e., ≈ 4θ0 [θ0 = θM for the outer wall and θ0 = θm for the inner wall, U X = longitudinal velocity. See supplementary information for the video materials ©Kadia et al. (2024)].
