Table 1 Characteristics of study cohort classified into four groups based on UACR and UNAPCR levels.

From: Urinary non-albumin protein-creatinine ratio is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study

 

UACR < 30 mg/g (n = 529)

UACR ≥ 30 mg/g (n = 1280)

p value

UNAPCR < 120 mg/g (n = 462)

UNAPCR ≥ 120 mg/g (n = 67)

UNAPCR < 120 mg/g (n = 262)

UNAPCR ≥ 120 mg/g (n = 1018)

Age (year)

68 ± 12

71 ± 13

68 ± 13

69 ± 12

0.254

Female, n (%)

308 (66.7%)

29 (43.3%)

189 (72.1%)

606 (59.5%)

 < 0.001

UACR (mg/g)

11.0 ± 7.7

17.5 ± 7.1

123.7 ± 258.5

1326.0 ± 1855.3

 < 0.001

UNAPCR (mg/g)

70.1 ± 23.4

471.0 ± 1424.6

90.0 ± 20.7

912.6 ± 1619.9

 < 0.001

UPCR (mg/g)

81.1 ± 26.7

488.5 ± 1424.6

213.7 ± 257.8

2238.7 ± 3012.0

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

24.0 ± 3.7

22.8 ± 3.4

24.5 ± 3.7

23.8 ± 4.0

 < 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

129 ± 17

127 ± 18

134 ± 17

137 ± 20

 < 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

73 ± 12

71 ± 11

75 ± 13

75 ± 12

0.005

HbA1c (%)

7.1 ± 1.5

7.7 ± 2.2

7.4 ± 1.5

7.7 ± 1.8

0.007

Glucose (mmol/L)

8.0 ± 5.0

8.6 ± 3.8

8.1 ± 3.5

8.6 ± 4.9

 < 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

66.7 ± 27.5

77.8 ± 49.8

65.3 ± 30.3

45.4 ± 30.4

 < 0.001

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.2 ± 0.9

4.3 ± 1.2

4.1 ± 0.9

4.4 ± 1.2

0.062

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.3 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.4

1.3 ± 0.4

0.001

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.4 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 1.0

2.4 ± 0.7

2.6 ± 1.0

0.053

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.7 ± 1.4

1.7 ± 1.4

1.9 ± 2.1

1.9 ± 1.5

 < 0.001

GPT (U/L)

30.4 ± 26.8

26.4 ± 38.2

29.6 ± 31.2

25.8 ± 22.2

 < 0.001

Hb (g/L)

131 ± 18

120 ± 19

128 ± 19

116 ± 21

 < 0.001

Disease, n (%)

 Hypertension, n (%)

399 (86.4%)

59 (88.1%)

246 (93.9%)

967 (95.0%)

 < 0.001

 CVD, n (%)

383 (82.9%)

59 (88.1%)

229 (87.4%)

897 (88.1%)

0.051

 Cancer, n (%)

135 (29.2%)

29 (43.3%)

62 (23.7%)

312 (30.6%)

0.012

 Glomerular disease, n (%)

57 (12.3%)

6 (9.0%)

33 (12.6%)

198 (19.4%)

 < 0.001

 TIN, n (%)

37 (8.0%)

3 (4.5%)

21 (8.0%)

93 (9.1%)

0.554

Drug use, n (%)

 OHA use, n (%)

379 (82.0%)

58 (86.6%)

213 (81.3%)

793 (77.9%)

0.091

 Statin use, n (%)

258 (55.8%)

39 (58.2%)

163 (62.2%)

598 (58.7%)

0.414

 Fibrate use, n (%)

27 (5.8%)

3 (4.5%)

24 (9.2%)

64 (6.3%)

0.274

 SGLT2 Inhibitor use, n (%)

5 (1.1%)

1 (1.5%)

1 (0.4%)

2 (0.2%)

0.091

 GLP-1 RA use, n (%)

4 (0.9%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (1.1%)

12 (1.2%)

0.790

 DPP-4 Inhibitor use, n (%)

191 (41.3%)

40 (59.7%)

125 (47.7%)

493 (48.4%)

0.011

 RAS blockade use, n (%)

221 (47.8%)

32 (47.8%)

159 (60.7%)

556 (54.6%)

0.005

 Hypertensive drug use, n (%)

313 (67.7%)

40 (59.7%)

206 (78.6%)

825 (81.0%)

 < 0.001

 Insulin use, n (%)

88 (19.0%)

13 (19.4%)

60 (22.9%)

345 (33.9%)

 < 0.001

Incidence of mortality (deaths/100 person-years)

3.9

7.9

4.4

8.3

 < 0.001

  1. Continuous data are expressed as means ± standard deviations, and categorical data are expressed as numbers (percentages).
  2. BMI body mass index, CVD cardiovascular disease, DBP diastolic blood pressure, DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GLP-1 RA glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, GPT glutamate pyruvate transaminase, Hb hemoglobin, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, OHA oral hypoglycemic agent, RAS renin-angiotensin system, SBP systolic blood pressure, SGLT2 sodium–glucose cotransporter 2, TIN Tubulointerstitial nephritis, UACR urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, UNAPCR urine non-albumin protein-creatinine ratio, UPCR urine protein-creatinine ratio.
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