Table 6 The demographic and baseline characteristics of the HF patients with low level and high level of ELABELA or Apelin.

From: Decreased plasma ELABELA level as a novel screening indicator for heart failure: a cohort and observational study

Parameters

Plasma ELABELA

Plasma Apelin

Low (n = 108)

High (n = 108)

P value

Low (n = 108)

High (n = 108)

P value

Age, years

77.2 ± 10.6

74.0 ± 11.6

0.243

75.6 ± 11.8

76.6 ± 10.8

0.468

Male

61/108 (56.4%)

47/108 (43.5%)

0.006**

56/108 (51.9%)

52/108 (48.2%)

0.528

Body mass index, kg/m2

25.5 ± 3.2

25.9 ± 3.3

0.352

25.7 + 2.4

25.8 + 3.1

0.641

Comorbidities

Coronary artery disease

22/108 (20.4%)

26/108 (24.1%)

0.426

18/108 (16.7%)

30/108 (27.8%)

 < 0.001**

Diabetes mellitus

3/108 (2.8%)

2/108 (1.9%)

0.389

3/108 (2.8%)

2/108 (1.9%)

0.389

Chronic renal failure

3/108 (2.8%)

0/108 (0.0%)

0.001**

3/108 (2.8%)

0/108 (0.0%)

0.001**

Hypertension

13/108 (12.0%)

25/108 (23.1%)

0.001**

20/108 (18.5%)

18/108 (16.7%)

0.607

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

126.9 ± 16.5

130.3 ± 16.1

0.124

129.8 ± 15.4

127.4 ± 17.2

0.266

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

73.4 ± 9.6

77.8 ± 10.0

0.001**

76.8 ± 9.7

74.3 ± 10.1

0.058

Mean arterial pressure, mmHg

91.2 ± 11.3

95.3 ± 11.3

0.009**

94.5 ± 11.0

92.0 ± 11.9

0.103

Heart rate, bpm

77.8 ± 9.1

77.0 ± 7.6

0.464

75.6 ± 8.3

79.2 ± 9.0

0.002**

Laboratory data

Plasma BNP, pg/ml

2745.7 (685.2, 3751.1)

830.7 (128.9, 567.2)

 < 0.001***

1779.6 (153.7, 2160.2)

1796.8 (377.9, 2190.1)

0.965

Plasma creatine, μmol/l

87.2 (57.5,91.9)

69.6 (50.1, 75.9)

0.001**

84.8 (57.0, 80.4)

82.1 (57.8, 83.0)

0.281

Plasma urea nitrogen, μmol/l

9.4 (5.4, 10.1)

7.0 (4.6, 7.4)

0.010*

8.2 (5.0, 8.2)

8.1 (5.0, 8.6)

0.878

Plasma uric acid, μmol/l

364.9 (279.3, 425.8)

361.1 (298.3, 429.3)

0.802

370.0 (299, 446)

356.0 (279.3, 415.3)

0.365

Plasma LDL-c, mmol/l

2.3 ± 1.0

2.3 ± 0.9

0.669

2.3 ± 1.0

2.3 ± 0.9

0.604

Plasma HDL-c, mmol/l

1.3 ± 0.5

1.4 ± 0.4

0.213

1.3 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.5

0.541

Plasma total cholesterol, mmol/l

4.2 ± 1.2

4.3 ± 1.2

0.547

4.3 ± 1.2

4.2 ± 1.1

0.832

Plasma triglyceride, mmol/l

1.4 ± 0.9

1.3 ± 0.6

0.455

1.4 ± 0.8

1.2 ± 0.7

0.061

Plasma ELABELA, ng/ml

4.7 ± 2.4

12.1 ± 2.9

 < 0.001***

9.2 ± 4.5

7.6 ± 4.5

0.010*

Plasma Apelin, pg/ml

170.6 ± 29.3

133.9 ± 26.8

0.317

26.7 ± 9.0

278.8 ± 36.2

 < 0.001***

Echocardiographic data

LVEF, %

58.6 ± 9.8

62.4 ± 6.9

0.001**

62.3 ± 6.5

58.8 ± 10.1

0.003**

LAD, mm

38.1 ± 8.4

34.3 ± 5.1

 < 0.001***

34.4 ± 5.3

38.1 ± 8.3

 < 0.001***

LVEDd, mm

48.6 ± 8.2

45.4 ± 4.7

 < 0.001***

45.5 ± 5.0

48.5 ± 8.1

 < 0.001***

LVEDs, mm

33.2 ± 8.3

29.9 ± 4.0

 < 0.001***

30.0 ± 4.3

33.1 ± 8.2

 < 0.001***

IVST, mm

10.0 ± 1.3

9.8 ± 0.9

0.198

9.7 ± 0.9

10.0 ± 1.3

0.045*

LVPW, mm

9.8 ± 1.3

9.4 ± 1.3

0.028*

9.4 ± 1.0

9.8 ± 1.5

0.006**

RVIDd, mm

20.9 ± 3.3

20.2 ± 2.0

0.094

20.6 ± 2.6

20.5 ± 2.9

0.769

NYHA function grade

NYHA I

3/108 (2.8%)

54/108 (50.0%)

 < 0.001***

40/108 (37.0%)

17/108 (15.7%)

 < 0.001***

NYHA II

12/108 (11.1%)

20/108 (18.5%)

0.363

18/108 (16.7%)

14/108 (13.0%)

0.782

NYHA III

26/108 (24.1%)

13/108 (12.0%)

 < 0.001***

13/108 (12.0%)

26/108 (24.1%)

 < 0.001***

NYHA IV

67/108 (62.0%)

21/108 (19.4%)

 < 0.001***

37/108 (34.3%)

51/108 (47.2%)

0.006**

  1. BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LAD, left atrial diameter; LVEDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEDs, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; IVST, interventricular septum thickness; LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall thickness; RVIDd, right ventricular internal dimension diameter. HF, heart failure. NYHA, New York Heart Association. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
  2. Significant values are in bold.
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