Figure 11

Tumor environmental and tumor-CD8⁺ interaction. The role of self-stimulation and tumor stimulation of activated T cell CD8⁺ through IL-2 and IFN-γ release in the tumor environment revealed that the IFN-γ attaches to its receptor on the surface of tumor cells that contributes JAK-STAT and PI3 kinase signaling pathway. These pathways activate PDL1 expression in the nucleus and then on the surface of tumor cells and PD1-PDL1. The miR-138-5p interrupts the PD1-PDL1 pathway directly (interaction with the PDL1 gene) and indirectly (interaction with the EGFR gene).