Figure 4

Schoenfeld’s individual and global test and deviance residual were conducted to appraise whether the eight covariates selected using the LASSO regression were associated with time before performing the multivariate Cox-PH regression analysis. (A–H) Plots of the scaled Schoenfeld residuals against the changed time. The solid line represents a smoothing spline fit to the plot, and the dashed lines represent a ± 2-SE band around the fit. Considerable departures from the horizontal line indicate nonproportional hazards. (I–P) Index graphs of dfbeta for the Cox-PH regression of AFS. The graphs comparing the magnitudes of the largest dfbeta values with the regression coefficients uncover that there exist no greatly influential individual observations. AFS: adenoma-free survival.