Table 3 Lyric descriptors identified by robust regression (Huber M regressor).

From: Author Correction: Song lyrics have become simpler and more repetitive over the last five decades

Genre

 

Pop

Rock

Rap

Country

R&B

1

Unique rhyme words\(^{Rh}\)

Repeated line ratio\(^{L}\)

Ratio verses to sections\(^{S}\)

Punctuation ratio\(^{L}\)

Repeated line ratio\(^{L}\)

2

Repeated line ratio\(^{L}\)

Title occurrences\(^{S}\)

Unique rhyme words\(^{Rh}\)

Compression ratio\(^{D}\)

Difficult words\(^{Re}\)

3

Ratio chorus to sections\(^{S}\)

Number of verses\(^{S}\)

Ratio chorus to sections\(^{S}\)

Tris legomenon ratio\(^{L}\)

Blank line count\(^{L}\)

4

Dot count\(^{L}\)

Avg. token length\(^{L}\)

Repeated line ratio\(^{L}\)

Avg. token length\(^{L}\)

Unique rhyme words\(^{Rh}\)

5

Ratio verses to sections\(^{S}\)

Difficult words\(^{Re}\)

Dot count\(^{L}\)

Blank line count\(^{L}\)

Parenthesis count\(^{L}\)

6

Title occurrences\(^{S}\)

Dot count\(^{L}\)

Difficult words\(^{Re}\)

Summer’s S\(^{D}\)

Positive emotion\(^{E}\)

7

Avg. token length\(^{L}\)

Ratio chorus to sections\(^{S}\)

Exclamation mark count\(^{L}\)

Unique rhyme words\(^{Rh}\)

Rhyme percent\(^{Rh}\)

8

Parenthesis count\(^{L}\)

Unique rhyme words\(^{Rh}\)

Hyphen count\(^{L}\)

Positive emotion\(^{E}\)

Summer’s S\(^{D}\)

9

Pronoun frequency\(^{L}\)

Dis legomenon ratio\(^{L}\)

Summer’s S\(^{D}\)

Ratio verses to sections\(^{S}\)

Dot count\(^{L}\)

10

Exclamation mark count\(^{L}\)

Two verses at least one chorus\(^{S}\)

MTLD\(^{D}\)

Number of couplets\(^{Rh}\)

Anger\(^{E}\)

  1. Superscripts denote descriptor categories, with L = lexical, E = emotion, S = structural, Rh = rhyme, Re = readability, and D = diversity.