Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with ocular motor cranial nerve palsy and controls.

From: Proteinuria and risk of ocular motor cranial nerve palsy: a nationwide population-based study

Variables

Groups of proteinuria

P value

Negative

Trace

 + 1

 + 2

 + 3

 + 4

(N = 3,857,777)

(N = 92,700)

(N = 68,923)

(N = 25,728)

(N = 6577)

(N = 1307)

Age, years

46.87 ± 14.02

48.75 ± 14.18

51 ± 14.42

52.71 ± 14.34

54.1 ± 13.77

55.42 ± 14.03

 < .0001

Sex, male, N (%)

2,124,367 (55.07)

50,758 (54.76)

37,479 (54.38)

14,446 (56.15)

3824 (58.14)

752 (57.54)

 < .0001

Smoking status, N (%)

 < .0001

 Non-smoker

2,289,508 (59.35)

55,080 (59.42)

40,943 (59.4)

15,219 (59.15)

3798 (57.75)

801 (61.29)

 

 Ex-smoker

553,930 (14.36)

13,875 (14.97)

10,710 (15.54)

4194 (16.3)

1147 (17.44)

219 (16.76)

 

 Current smoker

1,014,339 (26.29)

23,745 (25.61)

17,270 (25.06)

6315 (24.55)

1632 (24.81)

287 (21.96)

 

Drinking amount, N (%)a

 < .0001

 None

1,980,034 (51.33)

48,070 (51.86)

37,085 (53.81)

14,450 (56.16)

3836 (58.32)

826 (63.2)

 

 Mild

1,572,595 (40.76)

36,455 (39.33)

25,374 (36.81)

8816 (34.27)

2128 (32.36)

372 (28.46)

 

 Heavy

305,148 (7.91)

8175 (8.82)

6464 (9.38)

2462 (9.57)

613 (9.32)

109 (8.34)

 

Regular exercise, N (%)b

699,134 (18.12)

17,623 (19.01)

13,033 (18.91)

4942 (19.21)

1196 (18.18)

244 (18.67)

 < .0001

Low income, N (%)c

673,523 (17.46)

15,090 (16.28)

12,265 (17.8)

4671 (18.16)

1261 (19.17)

247 (18.9)

 < .0001

Waist Circum

80.17 ± 9.4

81.13 ± 9.9

82.27 ± 10.62

83.21 ± 10.05

84.11 ± 13.19

83.86 ± 10.22

 < .0001

Dyslipidemia, N (%)d

683,658 (17.72)

21,362 (23.04)

19,304 (28.01)

8987 (34.93)

2877 (43.74)

619 (47.36)

 < .0001

*TG

112.27 (112.21–112.34)

114.92 (114.48–115.36)

123.68 (123.11–124.25)

133.85 (132.83–134.88)

146.39 (144.2–148.61)

148.58 (143.67–153.66)

 < .0001

HDL

56.57 ± 33.14

55.9 ± 29.37

55.28 ± 25.31

54.51 ± 28.96

53.92 ± 30.46

53.19 ± 25.29

 < .0001

HTN, N (%)e

1,006,089 (26.08)

32,799 (35.38)

31,292 (45.4)

14,539 (56.51)

4348 (66.11)

899 (68.78)

 < .0001

DM, N (%)f

313,571 (8.13)

13,280 (14.33)

14,986 (21.74)

7689 (29.89)

2484 (37.77)

549 (42)

 < .0001

eGFRg (mL/min/1.73m2)

87.85 ± 45.34

83.63 ± 32.45

81.9 ± 35

77.74 ± 37.53

72.3 ± 32.55

72.66 ± 52.18

 < .0001

  1. CI Confidence interval, BMI Body mass index, HTN Hypertension, DM Diabetes mellitus, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT Alanine aminotransferase.
  2. aDrinking amount: Individuals who consumed more than 30 g of alcohol per day were defined as heavy drinkers.
  3. bRegular exercise: Regular physical activity was defined as an individual doing high-intensity exercise for at least 20 min three times per week or at least 30 min of moderate-intensity exercise five times per week.
  4. cLow income: The low-income level was defined as the bottom 20% of the total population.
  5. dDyslipidemia: Dyslipidemia was defined as a total cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL or higher, or at least once per year for prescription of a lipid-lowering drug under ICD-10-CM code E78.
  6. eHTN: Hypertension was defined as being prescribed at least once per year for antihypertensive drugs under ICD-10-CM codes I10-I13, I15, or BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg.
  7. fDM: DM was defined as fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, or at least once per year for a prescript.
  8. geGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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