Table 2 Scale items.

Place essentialism^{1, 5} (Cronbach’s α = .815)

One can easily feel a part of this place, this place draws in with its atmosphere.

One can feel history in this place.

This place has a soul, this is a climatic place.

This place has a character, this place is unique.

This place offers rest, you can stop in this place.

Place anti-essentialism^{1, 5} (Cronbach’s α = .816)

This is a modern place.

This is a dynamic place, its character changes.

This place encourages activity, there are many things going on in this place.

This place is open to strangers.

Different life styles and ways of life unite in this place.

Sonic restorativeness^{2, 5} (Cronbach’s α = .947)

When I hear the sounds of this place I feel free from work, routine and responsibilities.

The sonic environment here is a refuge from unwanted distractions.

The sounds I am hearing here seem to fit together quite naturally with this place.

The sonic environment here fits with my personal preferences.

The sounds of this place make me want to linger here.

The sounds of this place make me wonder about things.

I find the sonic environment here appealing.

I am engrossed by the sonic environment here.

The sonic environment here suggests the size of this place is limitless.

Overall liking^{3, 5} (Cronbach’s α = .959)

I like this place a great deal.

I like this place very much.

I would enjoy this place a lot.

I would really enjoy this place.

SAE emotion^{4, 5} (Cronbach’s α = .931)

This is a moving performance that really touched my heart.

This performance alleviated my stress and made me feel relaxed.

This performance helped me release my emotions.

This performance made me feel engaged as if I had entered another world.

SAE intellect^{4, 5} (Cronbach’s α = .893)

This performance conveyed certain message(s) to me.

This was an inspiring performance; I came up with new idea about something.

This was a stimulating performance that made me reflect on something.

This performance made me think of something (e.g., events or people).

SAE novelty^{4, 5} (Cronbach’s α = .919)

This performance had a newer style compared with those of similar type.

This performance was more creative than those of similar type.

This performance was more unique than those of similar type.

This performance made me feel fresh compared with those of similar type.

SAE place^{4, 5} (Cronbach’s α = .914)

This performance made me “love” this place.

This performance made me feel I belonged to this place.

This performance made me feel my connection with this place.

This performance made this place feel secure.

SAE interaction^{4, 5} (Cronbach’s α = .889)

The performer(s) was good at leading the audience’s emotions.

The performer(s) consciously used eye contact to enrich the performance.

The performer(s) interacted with the audience/made the audience interact.

The performer(s) was paying attention to how the audience reacted.

SAE technique^{4, 5} (Cronbach’s α = .903)

The performer(s) had outstanding performance skills.

This was a performance of professional standards.

This performer(s) most likely has undertaken proper performance training.

This performer(s) most likely has spent a great deal of time on practicing.

Overall satisfaction⁶

Overall speaking, how satisfied are you with this street performance?

Donation worth⁷

How much money do you think this performance is worth as donation (per donor)?

Frequency of visit⁸

How frequently do you walk past this place?

Expertise⁹

How much are you an expert on pop music (e.g., you have studied or produced pop music)?

Familiarity⁹

How familiar are you with the music genre performed in this street performance?

Interest⁹

How interested are you in pop music?