Table 2 Results (model estimates ± SE) of selection analysis for selection differentials (S) and gradients (β) on plant and fungal traits and the plant trait resulting from its covariance with the fungal trait for (a) the six most abundant fungal OTUs and (b) five most abundant fungal families. Proportion Survived, Biomass, or Relative Growth Rate (RGR) were used as a proxy for Plant Fitness (Supplementary Material A: Model 4). RGR relative growth rate, SRL specific root length.
From: Interspecific selection in a diverse mycorrhizal symbiosis
Trait | Source of selection | Fitness | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proportion survived | Biomass | RGR | |||||
Estimate | P-value | Estimate | P-value | Estimate | P-value | ||
(A) | |||||||
Root:Shoot | S | 0.0671 ± 0.04 | 0.0718 | − 0.1002 ± 0.04 | 0.0051** | − 0.0309 ± 0.01 | 0.0001*** |
β | 0.1621 ± 0.05 | 0.0013** | − 0.0663 ± 0.04 | 0.0848 | − 0.0229 ± 0.01 | 0.0117* | |
Diameter | S | 0.0116 ± 0.04 | 0.7480 | 0.0861 ± 0.04 | 0.0163* | 0.0171 ± 0.01 | 0.0349* |
β | 0.0456 ± 0.04 | 0.1461 | 0.0245 ± 0.03 | 0.4285 | 0.0059 ± 0.01 | 0.4406 | |
SRL | S | − 0.0020 ± 0.04 | 0.9570 | − 0.1541 ± 0.03 | < 0.0001*** | − 0.0310 ± 0.01 | 0.0001*** |
β | 0.0632 ± 0.05 | 0.1356 | − 0.0862 ± 0.03 | 0.0135* | − 0.0048 ± 0.01 | 0.5751 | |
RGR | S | − 0.0160 ± 0.04 | 0.6580 | 0.3152 ± 0.03 | < 0.0001*** | 0.0710 ± 0.01 | < 0.0001*** |
β | 0.0036 ± 0.05 | 0.9108 | 0.2239 ± 0.04 | < 0.0001*** | 0.0553 ± 0.01 | < 0.0001*** | |
Cenococcum | S | − 0.0236 ± 0.04 | 0.5180 | 0.0445 ± 0.04 | 0.2170 | 0.0054 ± 0.01 | 0.5050 |
β | 0.0299 ± 0.05 | 0.8601 | 0.0831 ± 0.03 | 0.0148* | 0.0017 ± 0.01 | 0.8346 | |
x Root:Shoot | S | 0.0482 ± 0.06 | 0.4340 | 0.1556 ± 0.06 | 0.0102* | 0.0495 ± 0.01 | 0.0003*** |
β | 0.2109 ± 0.08 | 0.0100* | − 0.0347 ± 0.06 | 0.5354 | 0.0199 ± 0.01 | 0.1478 | |
x Diameter | S | 0.0242 ± 0.05 | 0.6510 | 0.0212 ± 0.05 | 0.6910 | − 0.0031 ± 0.01 | 0.7960 |
β | 0.0644 ± 0.07 | 0.2089 | 0.0636 ± 0.05 | 0.1973 | − 0.0125 ± 0.01 | 0.3156 | |
x SRL | S | 0.0397 ± 0.04 | 0.3760 | − 0.0095 ± 0.04 | 0.8260 | 0.0002 ± 0.01 | 0.9840 |
β | 0.0884 ± 0.05 | 0.0182* | − 0.0159 ± 0.03 | 0.6433 | 0.0054 ± 0.01 | 0.5459 | |
x RGR | S | − 0.0553 ± 0.04 | 0.1970 | 0.0381 ± 0.04 | 0.3560 | 0.0104 ± 0.01 | 0.3100 |
β | − 0.1179 ± 0.05 | 0.1099 | 0.0064 ± 0.04 | 0.8631 | 0.0086 ± 0.01 | 0.4454 | |
Russula californiensis | S | − 0.0407 ± 0.04 | 0.2710 | 0.0647 ± 0.04 | 0.0719 | 0.0180 ± 0.01 | 0.0264* |
β | 0.0311 ± 0.06 | 0.7765 | 0.0742 ± 0.04 | 0.0797 | 0.0094 ± 0.01 | 0.3210 | |
x Root:Shoot | S | − 0.0974 ± 0.07 | 0.1930 | 0.1431 ± 0.07 | 0.0522 | 0.0326 ± 0.02 | 0.0469* |
β | − 0.0111 ± 0.09 | 0.9836 | − 0.0022 ± 0.06 | 0.9730 | − 0.0140 ± 0.02 | 0.3747 | |
x Diameter | S | − 0.0330 ± 0.05 | 0.5190 | − 0.0012 ± 0.05 | 0.9800 | 0.0025 ± 0.01 | 0.8240 |
β | 0.0221 ± 0.07 | 0.8434 | − 0.0413 ± 0.05 | 0.4001 | 0.0038 ± 0.01 | 0.7143 | |
x SRL | S | 0.0047 ± 0.06 | 0.9320 | − 0.0385 ± 0.06 | 0.4850 | 0.0036 ± 0.01 | 0.7710 |
β | − 0.0721 ± 0.07 | 0.1652 | − 0.0829 ± 0.05 | 0.1062 | 0.0187 ± 0.02 | 0.2183 | |
x RGR | S | − 0.0585 ± 0.04 | 0.1280 | 0.0129 ± 0.04 | 0.7160 | 0.0029 ± 0.01 | 0.7160 |
β | − 0.1190 ± 0.07 | 0.1066 | − 0.0167 ± 0.05 | 0.7353 | 0.0015 ± 0.01 | 0.8978 | |
Thelephoraceae | S | 0.0257 ± 0.03 | 0.1200 | 0.0444 ± 0.04 | 0.2190 | 0.0031 ± 0.01 | 0.7070 |
β | 0.0697 ± 0.05 | 0.0765 | 0.0733 ± 0.03 | 0.0330* | 0.0077 ± 0.01 | 0.3705 | |
x Root:Shoot | S | 0.1018 ± 0.03 | 0.4310 | − 0.0003 ± 0.03 | 0.9910 | 0.0056 ± 0.01 | 0.4240 |
β | 0.0128 ± 0.04 | 0.6623 | − 0.0147 ± 0.03 | 0.5683 | 0.0039 ± 0.01 | 0.5404 | |
x Diameter | S | 0.0467 ± 0.05 | 0.1830 | 0.0496 ± 0.03 | 0.1100 | 0.0017 ± 0.01 | 0.8050 |
β | 0.0679 ± 0.04 | 0.0932 | 0.0243 ± 0.03 | 0.3542 | − 0.0037 ± 0.01 | 0.6535 | |
x SRL | S | 0.0145 ± 0.05 | 0.7760 | 0.0108 ± 0.05 | 0.8320 | 0.0169 ± 0.01 | 0.1390 |
β | 0.1023 ± 0.06 | 0.0998 | − 0.0267 ± 0.05 | 0.5662 | 0.0129 ± 0.01 | 0.2654 | |
x RGR | S | − 0.0109 ± 0.06 | 0.8570 | − 0.0997 ± 0.06 | 0.0969 | − 0.0074 ± 0.01 | 0.3420 |
β | − 0.0942 ± 0.07 | 0.1262 | 0.0287 ± 0.05 | 0.5716 | − 0.0037 ± 0.01 | 0.7273 | |
Tomentella1 | S | 0.0560 ± 0.04 | 0.8430 | 0.0895 ± 0.04 | 0.0125* | 0.0157 ± 0.01 | 0.0532 |
β | − 0.1213 ± 0.12 | 0.2371 | 0.0501 ± 0.08 | 0.5527 | 0.0192 ± 0.01 | 0.1853 | |
x Root:Shoot | S | 0.3024 ± 0.04 | 0.1980 | 0.0159 ± 0.04 | 0.6750 | 0.0073 ± 0.01 | 0.3910 |
β | 0.1245 ± 0.07 | 0.1813 | − 0.0366 ± 0.05 | 0.4955 | − 0.0062 ± 0.01 | 0.5407 | |
x Diameter | S | − 0.0099 ± 0.01 | 0.5140 | 0.0237 ± 0.01 | 0.0635 | 0.0030 ± 0.01 | 0.3030 |
β | 0.0154 ± 0.03 | 0.7134 | − 0.0235 ± 0.02 | 0.2944 | − 0.0031 ± 0.01 | 0.5564 | |
x SRL | S | − 0.0019 ± 0.04 | 0.9570 | − 0.0748 ± 0.04 | 0.0350* | − 0.0104 ± 0.01 | 0.1940 |
β | 0.1574 ± 0.12 | 0.4272 | − 0.0774 ± 0.09 | 0.3754 | − 0.0131 ± 0.02 | 0.4916 | |
x RGR | S | 0.0063 ± 0.04 | 0.8700 | 0.0486 ± 0.04 | 0.2050 | − 0.0046 ± 0.01 | 0.4110 |
β | 0.2229 ± 0.15 | 0.1500 | 0.0325 ± 0.11 | 0.7656 | 0.0190 ± 0.01 | 0.1399 | |
Tomentella sublilacina | S | 0.0019 ± 0.04 | 0.9580 | 0.1625 ± 0.03 | < 0.0001*** | 0.0241 ± 0.01 | 0.0028** |
β | 0.0104 ± 0.05 | 0.6742 | 0.1660 ± 0.03 | < 0.0001*** | 0.0199 ± 0.01 | 0.0300* | |
x Root:Shoot | S | − 0.0252 ± 0.04 | 0.5640 | − 0.0366 ± 0.04 | 0.4400 | − 0.0044 ± 0.01 | 0.6530 |
β | 0.0226 ± 0.05 | 0.6190 | − 0.0315 ± 0.04 | 0.3992 | − 0.0044 ± 0.01 | 0.6206 | |
x Diameter | S | 0.0078 ± 0.04 | 0.8540 | − 0.0151 ± 0.04 | 0.7210 | − 0.0048 ± 0.01 | 0.6150 |
β | 0.0250 ± 0.05 | 0.5780 | 0.0111 ± 0.03 | 0.7447 | − 0.0061 ± 0.01 | 0.4591 | |
x SRL | S | 0.0245 ± 0.04 | 0.5680 | 0.0378 ± 0.04 | 0.3760 | 0.0086 ± 0.01 | 0.3690 |
β | 0.0442 ± 0.05 | 0.2943 | − 0.0008 ± 0.04 | 0.9829 | 0.0079 ± 0.01 | 0.3722 | |
x RGR | S | 0.0197 ± 0.04 | 0.6220 | − 0.0089 ± 0.04 | 0.8230 | − 0.0014 ± 0.01 | 0.8530 |
β | − 0.0055 ± 0.05 | 0.8124 | − 0.0183 ± 0.04 | 0.6126 | − 0.0160 ± 0.01 | 0.0473* | |
(B) | |||||||
Root:Shoot | S | 0.0660 ± 0.03 | 0.0547 | − 0.0283 ± 0.02 | 0.0948 | − 0.0312 ± 0.01 | 0.0001*** |
β | 0.1236 ± 0.04 | 0.0018** | − 0.0269 ± 0.02 | 0.2617 | − 0.0174 ± 0.01 | 0.0241* | |
Diameter | S | 0.0161 ± 0.03 | 0.6310 | 0.0494 ± 0.02 | 0.0033** | 0.0184 ± 0.01 | 0.0142* |
β | 0.0203 ± 0.04 | 0.3684 | 0.0779 ± 0.02 | 0.0007*** | 0.0062 ± 0.01 | 0.3423 | |
SRL | S | − 0.0327 ± 0.03 | 0.3290 | − 0.0770 ± 0.02 | < 0.0001*** | − 0.0318 ± 0.01 | < 0.0001*** |
β | 0.0069 ± 0.04 | 0.9907 | − 0.0247 ± 0.03 | 0.3243 | − 0.0014 ± 0.01 | 0.1278 | |
RGR | S | − 0.0098 ± 0.03 | 0.7690 | 0.1572 ± 0.01 | < 0.0001*** | 0.0712 ± 0.01 | < 0.0001*** |
β | − 0.0060 ± 0.05 | 0.4190 | 0.1090 ± 0.03 | < 0.0001*** | 0.0513 ± 0.01 | < 0.0001*** | |
Gloniaceae | S | − 0.0126 ± 0.03 | 0.7050 | 0.0117 ± 0.02 | 0.4910 | 0.0057 ± 0.01 | 0.4520 |
β | 0.0318 ± 0.04 | 0.7107 | 0.1249 ± 0.05 | 0.0060** | 0.0026 ± 0.01 | 0.7149 | |
x Root:Shoot | S | 0.0484 ± 0.06 | 0.3980 | 0.0677 ± 0.03 | 0.0178* | 0.0468 ± 0.01 | 0.0002*** |
β | 0.1967 ± 0.07 | 0.0111* | 0.0248 ± 0.05 | 0.5852 | 0.0165 ± 0.01 | 0.1610 | |
x Diameter | S | 0.0159 ± 0.05 | 0.7430 | 0.0084 ± 0.02 | 0.7330 | − 0.0039 ± 0.01 | 0.7230 |
β | 0.0495 ± 0.06 | 0.2885 | 0.0831 ± 0.04 | 0.0591 | − 0.0102 ± 0.01 | 0.3605 | |
x SRL | S | 0.0562 ± 0.04 | 0.1990 | 0.0063 ± 0.02 | 0.7710 | 0.0015 ± 0.01 | 0.8690 |
β | 0.0888 ± 0.04 | 0.0144* | 0.0324 ± 0.03 | 0.3483 | 0.0045 ± 0.01 | 0.5768 | |
x RGR | S | − 0.0514 ± 0.04 | 0.1900 | 0.0048 ± 0.02 | 0.8060 | 0.0085 ± 0.01 | 0.3750 |
β | − 0.1065 ± 0.05 | 0.0940 | 0.0414 ± 0.03 | 0.1341 | 0.0007 ± 0.01 | 0.4899 | |
Russulaceae | S | − 0.0208 ± 0.03 | 0.5350 | 0.0213 ± 0.02 | 0.2080 | 0.0173 ± 0.01 | 0.0217* |
β | 0.0155 ± 0.05 | 0.8774 | 0.0354 ± 0.04 | 0.3534 | 0.0181 ± 0.01 | 0.0364* | |
x Root:Shoot | S | − 0.0500 ± 0.04 | 0.2710 | − 0.0039 ± 0.02 | 0.8610 | 0.0117 ± 0.01 | 0.2460 |
β | − 0.0388 ± 0.05 | 0.4342 | − 0.0611 ± 0.03 | 0.0766 | − 0.0012 ± 0.01 | 0.8877 | |
x Diameter | S | − 0.0003 ± 0.05 | 0.9950 | − 0.0380 ± 0.02 | 0.1110 | − 0.0112 ± 0.01 | 0.2900 |
β | 0.0381 ± 0.05 | 0.5621 | 0.0253 ± 0.03 | 0.4044 | − 0.0002 ± 0.01 | 0.8219 | |
x SRL | S | − 0.0486 ± 0.03 | 0.1550 | − 0.0265 ± 0.02 | 0.1100 | − 0.0044 ± 0.01 | 0.5450 |
β | − 0.0447 ± 0.04 | 0.2697 | 0.0092 ± 0.03 | 0.7187 | 0.0093 ± 0.01 | 0.2577 | |
x RGR | S | − 0.0291 ± 0.04 | 0.4270 | − 0.0151 ± 0.02 | 0.4200 | 0.0019 ± 0.01 | 0.7880 |
β | − 0.0922 ± 0.06 | 0.1000 | − 0.0382 ± 0.04 | 0.2793 | − 0.0061 ± 0.01 | 0.4912 | |
Sebacinaceae | S | − 0.0139 ± 0.03 | 0.6790 | 0.0079 ± 0.02 | 0.6390 | − 0.0100 ± 0.01 | 0.1860 |
β | − 0.0379 ± 0.04 | 0.3726 | − 0.1068 ± 0.10 | 0.2999 | − 0.0069 ± 0.01 | 0.3499 | |
x Root:Shoot | S | 0.0147 ± 0.06 | 0.8000 | − 0.0317 ± 0.03 | 0.2680 | − 0.0030 ± 0.01 | 0.8200 |
β | − 0.0539 ± 0.09 | 0.9750 | − 0.0343 ± 0.05 | 0.5265 | 0.0160 ± 0.02 | 0.3786 | |
x Diameter | S | − 0.0928 ± 0.05 | 0.0956 | 0.0031 ± 0.02 | 0.8970 | 0.0125 ± 0.01 | 0.2420 |
β | − 0.0901 ± 0.09 | 0.6821 | 0.0571 ± 0.06 | 0.3490 | 0.0067 ± 0.01 | 0.5658 | |
x SRL | S | − 0.0121 ± 0.04 | 0.7370 | 0.0087 ± 0.02 | 0.6520* | − 0.0054 ± 0.01 | 0.5060 |
β | 0.0103 ± 0.05 | 0.5285 | − 0.0414 ± 0.06 | 0.5151 | − 0.0058 ± 0.02 | 0.4712 | |
x RGR | S | − 0.0572 ± 0.04 | 0.1850 | − 0.0168 ± 0.02 | 0.4300 | 0.0007 ± 0.01 | 0.8990 |
β | − 0.0385 ± 0.09 | 0.4024 | − 0.0754 ± 0.10 | 0.4418 | 0.0033 ± 0.01 | 0.6870 | |
Thelephoraceae | S | 0.0010 ± 0.03 | 0.9750 | 0.0838 ± 0.02 | < 0.0001*** | 0.0366 ± 0.01 | < 0.0001*** |
β | − 0.0004 ± 0.06 | 0.9328 | 0.0980 ± 0.03 | 0.0030** | 0.0320 ± 0.01 | 0.0022** | |
x Root:Shoot | S | 0.0417 ± 0.04 | 0.3190 | − 0.0002 ± 0.02 | 0.9940 | 0.0145 ± 0.01 | 0.1210 |
β | 0.0511 ± 0.05 | 0.3335 | 0.0020 ± 0.02 | 0.9341 | 0.0051 ± 0.01 | 0.4982 | |
x Diameter | S | − 0.0007 ± 0.02 | 0.9740 | 0.0095 ± 0.01 | 0.3860 | 0.0005 ± 0.01 | 0.9140 |
β | − 0.0005 ± 0.02 | 0.7000 | 0.0175 ± 0.02 | 0.4353 | − 0.0034 ± 0.01 | 0.3963 | |
x SRL | S | 0.0568 ± 0.03 | 0.1070 | − 0.0037 ± 0.02 | 0.8370 | − 0.0012 ± 0.01 | 0.8810 |
β | 0.0653 ± 0.06 | 0.1806 | 0.0070 ± 0.03 | 0.8270 | 0.0099 ± 0.01 | 0.2905 | |
x RGR | S | − 0.0091 ± 0.03 | 0.7690 | 0.0093 ± 0.02 | 0.5630 | 0.0066 ± 0.01 | 0.2780 |
β | 0.0232 ± 0.05 | 0.9705 | 0.0109 ± 0.03 | 0.7123 | − 0.0150 ± 0.01 | 0.0294* | |